A Core Ontology of Macroscopic Stuff

Abstract

Abstract. Domain ontologies contain representations of types of stuff (matter, mass, or substance), such as milk, alcohol, and mud, which are represented in a myriad of ways that are neither compatible with each other nor do they follow a structured approach within the domain ontology. Foundational ontologies and Ontology distinguish between pure stuff and mixtures only, if it contains stuff. We aim to fill this gap between foundational and domain ontologies by applying the notion of a 'bridging' core ontology, being an ontology of categories of stuff that is formalised in OWL. This core ontology both refines the DOLCE and BFO foundational ontologies and resolves the main type of interoperability issues with stuffs in domain ontologies, thereby also contributing to better ontology quality. Modelling guidelines are provided to facilitate the Stuff Ontology's use.

Reason-able embeddings: Learning concept embeddings with a transferable neural reasoner

“…-Software Ontology 5 (SWO) with 4068 classes, 52 object properties and 7683 axioms [57] -Stuff ontology 6 (Stuff) with 193 classes, 57 object properties and 717 axioms [45] -African Wildlife Ontology 7 (AWO) with 31 classes, 5 object properties and 56 axioms [46] -Dementia Ambient Care ontology 8 (Dem@Care) with 261 classes, 72 object properties and 695 axioms [18] -Ontology of Datatypes 9 (OntoDT) with 406 classes, 16 object properties and 947 axioms [67] The ontologies were preprocessed according to the procedure described earlier.…”