A core-shell structured magnetic covalent organic framework (type Fe3O4@COF) as a sorbent for solid-phase extraction of endocrine-disrupting phenols prior to their quantitation by HPLC

Use of a magnetic covalent organic framework material with a large specific surface area as an effective adsorbent for the extraction and determination of six fluoroquinolone antibiotics by HPLC in milk sample

“…It has some outstanding characteristics such as high surface area and good chemical stability. COF (TpPa‐1) @Fe 3 O 4 has benzene and imine groups, which has strong π‐π stacking interaction and hydrophobic interaction with the compounds rich in π system [15], which make it suitable for MSPE as an adsorbent.…”

“…Researchers are concerned about the synthesis new type of adsorbents, because the performance of the adsorbent will impact on the effect of MSPE, which will affect the extraction efficiency. Many types of magnetic adsorbents have been reported in the literature such as Fe 3 O 4 /HKUST‐1 [12], CoFe 2 O 4 /MMT [13], bentonite/magnetic nanoparticles [14], and COF@Fe 3 O 4 [11,15,16]. Covalent organic framework (COF) is a new type of crystalline porous material, which has the advantages of structural designability, high chemical stability, high specific surface area, and good crystallinity [17].…”

“…Deng et al. used 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl) benzene and terephhaldicarboxaldehyde as the structural units to fabricated COF@Fe 3 O 4 for enrichment and determination of endocrine‐disrupting phenols in drink samples [15]; Wang et al. prepared COF@Fe 3 O 4 with 4,4″‐diamino‐ p ‐triphenyl and 1,3,5‐tri( p ‐formylphenyl) benzene as two structural units and applied it was extracted FQs in pork and milk samples [16]; Zhuang et al.…”

Covalent Organic Frameworks in Sample Preparation

“…In this sense, the combination of m-NPs with COFs as sorbents in m-dSPE procedures constitutes the main application of COFs as sorbents by far. As can be seen in Table 2 , magnetic COFs have been applied for the extraction of a wide variety of analytes, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [ 61 , 63 , 66 , 71 ], phthalic acid esters (PAEs) [ 64 , 69 , 78 , 86 ], perfluorinated compounds [ 65 , 91 ], hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) [ 68 ], phenolic compounds [ 67 , 72 , 76 ], estrogenic compounds [ 70 , 72 ], fluoroquinolones [ 73 , 88 ], dyes [ 74 ], antibiotics [ 75 , 80 ], heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) [ 77 , 83 ], hydroxylated PAHs [ 79 ] and pesticides [ 81 , 82 , 84 , 90 ] originating from, among other places, environmental samples (water [ 61 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 80 , 82 ] and soils [ 63 ]), biological sources (rat plasma [ 62 ], human serum [ 67 , 68 ], human plasma [ 69 , 73 ], and human urine [ 70 , 77 , 79 , …”

“…Regarding the magnetization step, Fe 3 O 4 m-NPs have been the most used without any doubt [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ], although Ni [ 64 , 84 ], Fe 2 O 3 [ 65 ] and CoFe 2 O 4 [ 83 ] have also been applied. As previously mentioned, a wide variety of synthetic routes have been used to obtain different magnetic COFs, it being almost possible to find a procedure for each application.…”