A Coronal Mass Ejection and Magnetic Ejecta Observed In Situ by STEREO-A and Wind at 55° Angular Separation

Lugaz, Noé; Salman, Tarik M.; Zhuang, Bin; Al-Haddad, Nada; Scolini, Camilla; Farrugia, Charles J.; Yu, Wenyuan; Winslow, R. M.; Möstl, Christian; Davies, Emma E.; Galvin, A. B.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac602f

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Finally, our study augments the multipoint research of ICMEs at the Earth's orbit (Lugaz et al 2018(Lugaz et al , 2022Ala-Lahti et al 2020Vörös et al 2021). Together with previous work, it highlights the need for continuous (sub)secondresolution plasma and field measurements at multiple locations in the solar wind, which can address the spatiotemporal structure of ICMEs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Multipoint Observations of the Dynamics at an ICME Sheath–Ejecta Boundary

Ala-Lahti,

Pulkkinen,

Ruohotie

et al. 2023

ApJ

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The radial evolution of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) is dependent on their interaction with the ambient medium, which causes ICME erosion and affects their geoefficiency. Here, an ICME front boundary, which separates the confined ejecta from the mixed, interacted sheath–ejecta plasma upstream, is analyzed in a multipoint study examining the ICME at 1 au on 2020 April 20. A bifurcated current sheet, highly filamented currents, and a two-sided jet were observed at the boundary. The two-sided jet, which was recorded for the first time for a magnetic shear angle <40°, implies multiple (patchy) reconnection sites associated with the ICME erosion. The reconnection exhaust exhibited fine structure, including multistep magnetic field rotation and localized structures that were measured only by separate Cluster spacecraft with the mission inter-spacecraft separation of 0.4–1.6 R E. The mixed plasma upstream of the boundary with a precursor at 0.8 au lacked coherency at 1 au and exhibited substantial variations of southward magnetic fields over radial (transverse) distances of 41–237 R E (114 R E). This incoherence demonstrates the need for continuous (sub)second-resolution plasma and field measurements at multiple locations in the solar wind to adequately address the spatiotemporal structure of ICMEs and to produce accurate space weather predictions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Multipoint Observations of the Dynamics at an ICME Sheath–Ejecta Boundary

Ala-Lahti,

Pulkkinen,

Ruohotie

et al. 2023

ApJ

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“…Rarely, the same CME is probed simultaneously by more than one spacecraft (Farrugia et al 2011;Kilpua et al 2011;Winslow et al 2021;Lugaz et al 2022). When this is the case, the CME is typically measured by two spacecraft at approximately the same distance but separated by an azimuthal angle ranging from a fraction of a degree to 40°-50°.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Magnetic Structure of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Using Simultaneous Multispacecraft In Situ Measurements

Regnault,

Al-Haddad,

Lugaz

et al. 2023

ApJ

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In situ measurements from spacecraft typically provide a time series at a single location through coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and they have been one of the main methods to investigate CMEs. The CME properties derived from these in situ measurements are affected by temporal changes that occur as the CME passes over the spacecraft, such as radial expansion and aging, as well as spatial variations within a CME. This study uses multispacecraft measurements of the same CME at close separations to investigate both the spatial variability (how different a CME profile is when probed by two spacecraft close to each other) and the so-called aging effect (the effect of the time evolution on in situ properties). We compile a database of 19 events from the past 4 decades measured by two spacecraft with a radial separation of <0.2 au and an angular separation of <10°. We find that the average magnetic field strength measured by the two spacecraft differs by 18% of the typical average value, which highlights nonnegligible spatial or temporal variations. For one particular event, measurements taken by the two spacecraft allow us to quantify and significantly reduce the aging effect to estimate the asymmetry of the magnetic field strength profile. This study reveals that single-spacecraft time series near 1 au can be strongly affected by aging and that correcting for self-similar expansion does not capture the whole aging effect.

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“…For example, are CMEs truly composed of distinct sections or do they simply appear complex in coronagraph images, due to local distortions and/or projection effects, and to what extent do they maintain their integrity while they propagate in the structured solar wind? Multispacecraft heliospheric observations over broad longitudes and short radial distances (e.g., Lugaz et al 2022) may provide further insight into these issues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling a Coronal Mass Ejection from an Extended Filament Channel. II. Interplanetary Propagation to 1 au

Palmerio,

Maharana,

Lynch

et al. 2023

ApJ

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We present observations and modeling results of the propagation and impact at Earth of a high-latitude, extended filament channel eruption that commenced on 2015 July 9. The coronal mass ejection (CME) that resulted from the filament eruption was associated with a moderate disturbance at Earth. This event could be classified as a so-called “problem storm” because it lacked the usual solar signatures that are characteristic of large, energetic, Earth-directed CMEs that often result in significant geoeffective impacts. We use solar observations to constrain the initial parameters and therefore to model the propagation of the 2015 July 9 eruption from the solar corona up to Earth using 3D magnetohydrodynamic heliospheric simulations with three different configurations of the modeled CME. We find the best match between observed and modeled arrival at Earth for the simulation run that features a toroidal flux rope structure of the CME ejecta, but caution that different approaches may be more or less useful depending on the CME–observer geometry when evaluating the space weather impact of eruptions that are extreme in terms of their large size and high degree of asymmetry. We discuss our results in the context of both advancing our understanding of the physics of CME evolution and future improvements to space weather forecasting.

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A Coronal Mass Ejection and Magnetic Ejecta Observed In Situ by STEREO-A and Wind at 55° Angular Separation

Cited by 19 publications

References 66 publications

Multipoint Observations of the Dynamics at an ICME Sheath–Ejecta Boundary

Multipoint Observations of the Dynamics at an ICME Sheath–Ejecta Boundary

Investigating the Magnetic Structure of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Using Simultaneous Multispacecraft In Situ Measurements

Modeling a Coronal Mass Ejection from an Extended Filament Channel. II. Interplanetary Propagation to 1 au

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