“…For example, in 2014 Ford presented a sedan named 'Ford Fusion' and redesigned the suspension and powertrain parts with total mass reduction 24%. Ford also substituted traditional steel with aluminium on the brake rotors, doors, sills and front sub frame while magnesium was used in the transmission and front door castings (Pinamonti et al, 2017). Ford also reiterated its intension to reduce its vehicles' weight by 250-70 pounds per model from 2015 to 2020 (Gur, Yuksel and Pan, Jian and Li, Wanlu and Wagner, 2016;Xue et al, 2016).…”