Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) are a kind of porous crystalline materials that are boned together by covalent bonds. Abundant functional sites and adjustable pore structure make COFs become potential precursors to prepare metal nanoparticles (MNP)/heteroatoms-doped carbon nanosheets with well-ordered micropores (CN) nanozymes for electrochemical sensors. In this work, a new two-dimensional COFTD with double chelating sites were prepared by using 1,3,5-tris(4- aminophenyl)benzene and 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene-1,5-diformaldehyde. The COFTD was used as a precursor to load Cu2+, Fe3+, Co2+ and Ni2+. By carbonizing, the COFTD was transformed into CN and metal ions were reduced into 5–10 nm MNP loaded on CN uniformly (CuNPs/CN, FeNPs/CN, NiNPs/CN and CoNPs/CN). These MNP/CN nanocomposite materials were used for electrochemical detection of both dopamine and uric acid at the same time. The electrochemical sensors based on MNPs/CN nanozymes have good detection performance. Finally, CuNPs/CN was also used to construct a furazolidone sensor. The furazolidone electrochemical sensor has excellent performance with a linear range of 61.5 nM-200 µΜ and a detection limit of 20.1 nM. At the same time, it also has good reproducibility and repeatability.