A cortico-cerebellar loop for motor planning

Gao, Zhenyu; Davis, Courtney; Thomas, Alyse M.; Economo, Michael N.; Abrego, Amada M.; Svoboda, Karel; Zeeuw, Chris I. De; Li, Nuo

doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0633-x

Cited by 369 publications

(434 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Prior work showed that ALM holds working memory or motor preparation signals for upcoming lick direction in delayed response tasks, bridging the sensory-to-motor transformation [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]45 . Consistent with these results, we first found that optogenetic inhibition of ALM at cue onset strongly impaired the initiation of licking sequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensorimotor control of orofacial structures governs a wide range of both innate and learned behaviors that are essential for survival, such as communication, breathing and feeding, and is thus tightly orchestrated 4,5 . The motor control of directional licking has been studied extensively in mice and yielded many insights into working memory, motor planning, and the neural basis of simple sensorimotor transformations [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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A functional cortical network for sensorimotor sequence generation

Chen

Delgado

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The brain generates complex sequences of movements that can be flexibly reconfigured in real-time based on sensory feedback, but how this occurs is not fully understood. We developed a novel 'sequence licking' task in which mice directed their tongue to a target that moved through a series of locations. Mice could rapidly reconfigure the sequence online based on tactile feedback. Closed-loop optogenetics and electrophysiology revealed that tongue/jaw regions of somatosensory (S1TJ) and motor (M1TJ) cortex encoded and controlled tongue kinematics at the level of individual licks. Tongue premotor (anterolateral motor, ALM) cortex encoded intended tongue angle in a smooth manner that spanned individual licks and even whole sequences, and progress toward the reward that marked successful sequence execution. ALM activity regulated sequence initiation, but multiple cortical areas collectively controlled termination of licking. Our results define a functional cortical network for hierarchical control of sensory-and reward-guided orofacial sequence generation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A functional cortical network for sensorimotor sequence generation

Chen

Delgado

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Finally, a very recent study has provided the first direct evidence that the cerebellum is necessary to maintain the cortical preparatory activity, and vice versa, and that disrupting this cortico-cerebellar loop decreases the correct rate of behavioral response, i.e. decision direction, as well as the reaction time without affecting the motor execution (Gao et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well-established that the cerebellum plays a key role in motor control and coordination (Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2010). More recent studies have suggested that it can also encode expectation for sensory outcomes (Brinke et al, 2017;Sawtell, 2017;Wagner et al, 2017) as well as that its activity is necessary to maintain cortical preparatory activity in motor planning (Gao et al, 2018). Thus, given our above observations on the pre-motor decision-dependent dPCs of the cerebellum and ARTR, we hypothesize that they may represent preparatory neuroactivity for motor response, similar to what has been reported in the cortex (Churchland et al, 2012;Gao et al, 2018;Li et al, 2016).…”

Section: Preparatory Neuroactivity In Cerebellum and Artr Predict Decmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the above findings in the cortex have provided some insights into the neuronal basis underlying action selection and the relationship between preparatory neuroactivity and motor response, several observations point towards the importance of taking a brain-wide approach to decision making that also includes subcortical regions and their interactions with the cortex (Cisek and Kalaska, 2010;Gao et al, 2018;Guo et al, 2017;Horwitz and Newsome, 1999;Kunimatsu et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2013). Support for this notion comes also from the fact that decision making almost inevitably requires access to or can be modulated by brain functions such as short-term memory, internal states or reward expectation that are known to have a sub-cortical representation (Abbott et al, 2017;Allen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebellar neurodynamics during motor planning predict decision timing and outcome on single-trial level

Lin

Helmreich

Schlumm

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The neuronal basis of goal-directed behavior requires interaction of multiple separated brain regions. How subcortical regions and their interactions with brain-wide activity are involved in action selection is less understood. We have investigated this question by developing an assay based on whole-brain volumetric calcium imaging using light-field microscopy combined with an operant-conditioning task in larval zebrafish. We find global and recurring dynamics of brain states to exhibit pre-motor bifurcations towards mutually exclusive decision outcomes which arises from a spatially distributed network. Within this network the cerebellum shows a particularly strong pre-motor activity, predictive of both the timing and outcome of behavior up to ~10 seconds before movement initiation. Furthermore, on the single-trial level, decision directions can be inferred from the difference neuroactivity between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres, while the decision time can be quantitatively predicted by the rate of bihemispheric population ramping activity. Our results point towards a cognitive role of the cerebellum and its importance in motor planning. KEYWORDSCerebellum, decision making, action selection, motor planning, whole-brain calcium imaging, population ramping activity, zebrafish Recurring brain state dynamics capture representation of heat and show bifurcation for different behavioral outcomesVolumetric reconstruction of the LFM data (see also Movie S1), followed by neuronal signal extraction using our established data processing pipeline (Prevedel et al., 2014), allowed us to obtain neuronal activity traces from ~5000 of the most active neurons across the entire brain. Figure 2 shows the data for an example

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Impaired orthostatic heart rate recovery is associated with smaller thalamic volume: Results from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA)

Looze

Williamson

Hirst

et al. 2020

Human Brain Mapping

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The thalamus is a central hub of the autonomic network and thalamic volume has been associated with high‐risk phenotypes for sudden cardiac death. Heart rate response to physiological stressors (e.g., standing) and the associated recovery patterns provide reliable indicators of both autonomic function and cardiovascular risk. Here we examine if thalamic volume may be a risk marker for impaired heart rate recovery in response to orthostatic challenge. The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging involves a nationally representative sample of older individuals aged ≥50 years. Multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging and orthostatic heart rate recovery were available for a cross‐sectional sample of 430 participants. Multivariable regression and linear mixed‐effects models were adjusted for head size, age, sex, education, body mass index, blood pressure, history of cardiovascular diseases and events, cardiovascular medication, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol intake, timed up‐and‐go (a measure of physical frailty), physical exercise and depression. Smaller thalamic volume was associated with slower heart rate recovery (−1.4 bpm per 1 cm 3 thalamic volume, 95% CI −2.01 to −0.82; p < .001). In multivariable analysis, participants with smaller thalamic volumes had a mean heart rate recovery −2.7 bpm slower than participants with larger thalamic volumes (95% CI −3.89 to −1.61; p < .001). Covariates associated with smaller thalamic volume included age, history of diabetes, and heavy alcohol consumption. Thalamic volume may be an indicator of the structural integrity of the central autonomic network. It may be a clinical biomarker for stratification of individuals at risk of autonomic dysfunction, cardiovascular events, and sudden cardiac death.

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A cortico-cerebellar loop for motor planning

Cited by 369 publications

References 40 publications

A functional cortical network for sensorimotor sequence generation

A functional cortical network for sensorimotor sequence generation

Cerebellar neurodynamics during motor planning predict decision timing and outcome on single-trial level

Impaired orthostatic heart rate recovery is associated with smaller thalamic volume: Results from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA)

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