Single-nucleotide
variation (SNV) detection plays significant roles
in disease diagnosis and treatment. Generally, auxiliary probe, restricted
design rules, complicated detection system, and repeated experimental
parameter optimization are needed to obtain satisfactory tradeoff
between sensitivity and selectivity for SNV discrimination, especially
when different mutant sites need to be distinguished. To overcome
these limitations, we developed a universal, straightforward, and
relatively cheap SNV discrimination strategy, which simultaneously
possessed high sensitivity and selectivity. The excellent performance
of this strategy was ascribed to the SNV discrimination property of
endonuclease IV (Endo IV) and the different hydrolysis behavior between
free deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme) and the trapped DNAzyme to the substrates
modified on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). When Endo IV recognized the
mutant-type target (MT), free DNAzyme was released from the probe,
and the DNAzyme motor was activated with the help of cofactor Mn2+ to generate an amplified fluorescence signal. On the contrary,
the wild-type target (WT) could not effectively trigger the DNAzyme
motor. Moreover, for different SNV types, the corresponding probe
could be designed by simply changing the sequence hybridized with
the target and retaining the DNAzyme sequence. Thus, the fluorescence
signal generation system does not need to change for different SNV
targets. Five clinical-related SNVs were determined with the limit
of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.01 to 0.05%, which exhibited competitive
sensitivity over existing SNV detection methods. This strategy provided
another insight into the properties of Endo IV and DNAzyme, expanded
the applications of DNAzyme motor, and has great potential to be used
for precision medicine.