A Cost-Effective Electro-Hydraulic Actuator Solution with Open Circuit Architecture

Qu, Shaoyang; Fassbender, David; Vacca, Andrea; Busquets, Enrique

doi:10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2224

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Table 3 summarizes the parameters of the reference application, which is the boom cylinder used on a compact loader, as shown in Figure 9. The sizing methods are detailed in previous works of the authors as [14] and [15]. The maximum load force generates a pressure of 120 bar, while the system components are selected for extreme conditions up to 210 bar (e.g., relief valve), and the continuum pressure of the EHU is up to 120 bar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper, instead, focuses on the performance of the hydraulic system in combination with the EHU. The hydraulic system under study in this work builds upon previous work on a four-quadrant EHA developed by the authors [12][13][14]. In previous studies, the energy performance was studied in terms of the four-quadrant EHA using commercial drives [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental Verification of An Electro-Hydraulic Actuation System Driven by An Integrated Electro-Hydraulic Unit

Qu¹,

Zappaterra²,

Vacca³

et al. 2023

TJFP

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This paper proposes an electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA) system, and a novel-designed electro-hydraulic unit (EHU) consisting of a fixed-displacement hydraulic gear machine and a variable-speed electric machine. The novel EHU design integrates an electric machine and a hydraulic machine in a single housing, targeting optimal compactness, power density, and component reduction. The EHA system features an open circuit design, where hydraulic hoses connect the EHU with a tank, a valve manifold, and the hydraulic cylinder. In this way, the proposed EHA technology can be used to implement distributed hydraulic actuation in a vehicle without requiring changes to the hydraulic actuators or at the overall layout of the hydraulic components with respect to the original vehicle design. A dedicated test rig is developed to verify the performance of the proposed EHA system. The efficiency of the EHA is measured in a steady state and under a realistic duty cycle of a commercial compact loader. The efficiency of the EHA system based on the measurements on the test rig can reach 54% with up to 20 kN load and 6 kW power level. Furthermore, the EHU is implemented on the reference machine to drive the boom function. Preliminary results on the performance of the EHU show an efficiency of up to 68% under different loading conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Verification of An Electro-Hydraulic Actuation System Driven by An Integrated Electro-Hydraulic Unit

Qu¹,

Zappaterra²,

Vacca³

et al. 2023

TJFP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another group of experimental studies can be identified in which the implemented hardware is limited to the power-train, including the cylinders, and the load force is emulated by applying weights or force from load cylinders. Two examples of this are [14], where static load conditions of a skidder are simulated by lifting and lowering different weight plates, and in [15], another hydraulic cylinder is used to apply a load to the tested cylinder, which the authors mention as a way of testing the performance in a realistic duty cycle. Such an approach might be sufficient to evaluate the static efficiencies of a single actuator, but realistic cycles with multiple mutually influencing actuators and realistic inertia for dynamic investigations cannot be tested.…”

Section: Experimental Approaches In Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the efficiency or consumption of the whole implement system with all major actuators is of interest; thus, boom, tilt, and telescope cylinders should be present in the setup connected by the real kinematic chains. Accordingly, setting up a test rig for a single actuator as in [14][15][16][17], would not be effective. Instead, an existing conventional nine-tonne telehandler has been chosen as the test platform, which can be seen in Figure 1, to incorporate the original kinematic chains, inertia, and control interface.…”

Section: Chosen Experimental Design For Rapid Yet Realistic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations of Partially Valve-, Partially Displacement-Controlled Electrified Telehandler Implements

2023

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The next generation of electrified heavy-duty mobile machines (HDMMs) requires more efficient hydraulic systems—to save energy and to compensate for the limited capacities of available mobile electric energy sources. This study is experimentally demonstrating the functionality, dynamic performance, and efficiency of such a more efficient but also cost-effective system. The demonstrator is a conventional nine-tonne telehandler that has been transformed by replacing the diesel engine with an electric machine (EM) and changing the boom function from valve to displacement control. Since the system control and the resulting dynamics are not trivial, key aspects of it are explained in the paper. With the functional system, achievable consumption reductions could be obtained by measuring five different representative work cycles repeatedly and comparing the average consumption values to the consumption of a purely valve-controlled but also electrified reference version. In four of five cycles, an average reduction of 21–31% was achieved, which confirms the simulation results from previous studies and the effectiveness of the concept. However, one cycle—characterized by serial movements and longer breaks of the boom movement—showed a reduction of only 3% and that the effectiveness of the concept can also be lower in certain cases that depend mainly on the operator.

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“…For such drives, the cost of electric components may be considered a challenge for their broad application, and this has been addressed e.g., via component downsizing approaches. These include the use of hydraulic energy storages [38] and the use of valves enabling flow regenerative functionalities [39][40][41][42]. Comprehensive reviews on developments of such types of drives are available in [43,44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Hydraulic Variable-Speed Drive Networks—Idea, Perspectives, and Energy Saving Potentials

Schmidt

Hansen²

2022

Energies

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Electro-hydraulic differential cylinder drives with variable-speed displacement units as their central transmission element are subject to an increasing focus in both industry and academia. A main reason is the potential for substantial efficiency increases due to avoidance of throttling of the main flows. Research contributions have mainly been focusing on appropriate compensation of volume asymmetry and the development of standalone self-contained and compact solutions, with all necessary functions onboard. However, as many hydraulic actuator systems encompass multiple cylinders, such approaches may not be the most feasible ones with respect to efficiency or commercial feasibility. This article presents the idea of multi-cylinder drives, characterized by electrically and hydraulically interconnected variable-speed displacement units essentially allowing for completely avoiding throttle elements, while allowing for hydraulic and electric power sharing as well as the sharing of auxiliary functions and fluid reservoir. With drive topologies taking offset in communication theory, the concept of electro-hydraulic variable-speed drive networks is introduced. Three different drive networks are designed for an example application, including component sizing and controls in order to demonstrate their potentials. It is found that such drive networks may provide simple physical designs with few building blocks and increased energy efficiencies compared to standalone drives, while exhibiting excellent dynamic properties and control performance.

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A Cost-Effective Electro-Hydraulic Actuator Solution with Open Circuit Architecture

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Experimental Verification of An Electro-Hydraulic Actuation System Driven by An Integrated Electro-Hydraulic Unit

Experimental Verification of An Electro-Hydraulic Actuation System Driven by An Integrated Electro-Hydraulic Unit

Experimental Investigations of Partially Valve-, Partially Displacement-Controlled Electrified Telehandler Implements

Electro-Hydraulic Variable-Speed Drive Networks—Idea, Perspectives, and Energy Saving Potentials

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