A coupled extractive-oxidative process for desulfurization of gasoline and diesel fuels using a bifunctional ionic liquid

Elwan, Hosni Ahmed; Zaky, Magdy T.; Farag, Amal S.; Soliman, Fathi S.; Maher, Hassan

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.077

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The protons of the imidazolium ring are observed at δ = 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.93 (d, 1H), and 9.48 ppm (s, 1H). [20] The 13 C NMR spectrum of [OMIM]Br/FeCl 3 displays twelve strong signals ( Figure S2, Supporting Information). The set of the upfield signals (δ = 22.52-31.63) and δ = 14.34 ppm are attributed to the À CH 2 and À CH 3 groups of the octyl side chain, respectively.…”

Section: Characterization Of [Omim]br/feclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three downfield signals (δ = 122.71, 123.97, and 137.01 ppm) are ascribed to the À CH aromatic substituents of the imidazolium ring. [20] The FTIR spectrum of [OMIM]Br/FeCl 3 is shown in Figure 1. The stretching vibration bands of CÀ N, C=C, and C=N are observed at 1163, 1566, and 1646 cm À 1 , respectively.…”

Section: Characterization Of [Omim]br/feclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are currently receiving increased attention because of their exceptional physical and chemical properties. [20][21][22] ILs can participate in the synthesis of a further new generation of visible-light-based photocatalysts characterized with enhanced photocatalytic activity. The ground-breaking work by Hu et al showed that nanocomposites of TiO 2 modified with [Bmim]OH (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide) showed improved visible light photocatalytic activity as compared to the bare TiO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting using FeCl₃‐Based Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Photocatalysts

2020

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The ionic liquid (IL) 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide/FeCl3 [OMIM]Br/FeCl3 was prepared with three molar ratios of [OMIM]Br/FeCl3 (0.5 : 1, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1), and fully characterized through 1H and 13C NMR, Fourier‐transform IR, and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The optical properties of the prepared [OMIM]Br/FeCl3 ILs were revealed via diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectra. The photocatalytic activity of [OMIM]Br/FeCl3 ILs as homogenous photocatalysts were investigated towards hydrogen generation from methanol/water mixtures under visible light irradiation. The FeCl3‐based IL with [OMIM]Br/FeCl3 molar ratio of 1 : 1 exhibited the highest visible light photocatalytic activity with a hydrogen productivity of 243.2 mmol h−1 g−1 and a hydrogen purity of 95.5 %; such a high hydrogen yield and purity was reported for the first time. It was proposed that [OMIM] Br acted as an electron acceptor, which delayed the electron‐hole pair recombination of FeCl3. Also, [OMIM] Br could capture the produced carbon dioxide that is released with hydrogen gas. Additionally, [OMIM] Br/FeCl3 could be reused six times with nearly the same photocatalytic activity. These outstanding credits in terms of hydrogen generation rate and purity plus the economic feasibility, through several cycles of reuse, could certify such an IL as a promising photocatalyst for employment in water splitting. This paper suggests ways forward for research to develop the use of ILs as efficient and effective photocatalysts for hydrogen generation via water splitting.

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Section: Characterization Of [Omim]br/feclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of [Omim]br/feclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting using FeCl₃‐Based Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Photocatalysts

2020

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“…Unfortunately, HDS is costly since it requires industrial units operating at high temperatures (>300 °C), pressure (3-10 MPa), and volume of hydrogen gas, with expensive catalysts and low energy efficiency (Kaisy, et al, 2016;Jiang et al, 2016;Zaid et al, 2017). Many of these limitations could be solved by developing desulfurization methods involving adsorption (Shah et al, 2016;Mirshra et al, 2017), oxidative desulphurization (Rezvani et al, 2017;Hitam et al, 2018), bio-desulfurization (Martínez et al, 2017;Paixão et al, 2016), microwave assisted desulphurization, ultrasound (Taheri-Shakib et al, 2017;Mozafari and Nasri, 2017), and extractive desulphurization (Safa et al, 2016;Elwan et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Morpholine-Based Ionic Liquids for Extractive Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel

Fonseca

Silva

Sinfrônio

et al. 2019

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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Extractive desulfurization with ionic liquids has attracted significant attention from a growing number of scientists due to the current environmental restrictions on fuel. Protic ionic liquids (PILs) were synthesized via equimolar neutralization of morpholine and formic-based compounds. The obtained PILs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1 H NMR spectroscopy and used as a promoter for the room temperature deep desulfurization of model oil and commercial B0S500 diesel. Extractive desulfurization of the model oil in n-octane showed that the alkyl chain length of the ionic liquid [Nmorph] + [HCOO]does not enhance the efficiency of dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal. Regardless, the [Morph] + [HCOO]-IL is the most promising candidate for extractive desulfurization. The best results were obtained using multistage extraction (n = 3) and a 1:1 volume ratio, resulting in a 99.44% removal rate of sulfur compounds. For commercial B0S500 diesel, extraction time significantly influenced the removal of sulfur species. For samples with multistage extraction and a 1:1 volume ratio, [Morph] + [HCOO]removed approximately 47.48% of the sulfur-containing compounds. The recycling study of [Morph] + [HCOO]suggests that the IL remains active for up to three operating cycles without losing efficiency.

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“…Compared to the homogeneous desulfurization system, heterogeneous desulfurization system has more advantages. In homogeneous desulfurization, the excess use of ionic liquid acting as the catalyst for high desulfurization rates may contribute to an increase in cost (Elwan et al 2017;Rodríguez-Cabo et al 2014). But when the ionic liquid was supported on a carrier first and then participated in ODS, the same performance could be easily achieved with less ionic liquid in the formed heterogeneous system (Pham et al 2018;Khan et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous TiO2-supported Keggin-type ionic liquid catalyst catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene in diesel

Wang

Xun

et al. 2018

Pet. Sci.

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Supported ionic liquid (IL) catalysts [C n mim] 3 PMo 12 O 40 /Am TiO 2 (amorphous TiO 2) were synthesized through a one-step method for extraction coupled catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ECODS) system. Characterizations such as FTIR, DRS, wide-angle XRD, N 2 adsorption-desorption and XPS were applied to analyze the morphology and Keggin structure of the catalysts. In ECODS with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, it was found that ILs with longer alkyl chains in the cationic moiety had a better effect on the removal of dibenzothiophene. The desulfurization could reach 100% under optimal conditions, and GC-MS analysis was employed to detect the oxidized product after the reaction. Factors affecting the desulfurization efficiencies were discussed, and a possible mechanism was proposed. In addition, cyclic experiments were also conducted to investigate the recyclability of the supported catalyst. The catalytic activity of [C 16 mim] 3 PMo 12 O 40 /Am TiO 2 only dropped from 100% to 92.9% after ten cycles, demonstrating the good recycling performance of the catalyst and its potential industrial application.

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A coupled extractive-oxidative process for desulfurization of gasoline and diesel fuels using a bifunctional ionic liquid

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting using FeCl₃‐Based Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Photocatalysts

Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting using FeCl₃‐Based Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Photocatalysts

Synthesis of Morpholine-Based Ionic Liquids for Extractive Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel

Amorphous TiO2-supported Keggin-type ionic liquid catalyst catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene in diesel

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A coupled extractive-oxidative process for desulfurization of gasoline and diesel fuels using a bifunctional ionic liquid

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting using FeCl3‐Based Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Photocatalysts

Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting using FeCl3‐Based Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Photocatalysts

Synthesis of Morpholine-Based Ionic Liquids for Extractive Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel

Amorphous TiO2-supported Keggin-type ionic liquid catalyst catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene in diesel

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Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting using FeCl₃‐Based Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Photocatalysts

Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting using FeCl₃‐Based Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Photocatalysts