A coupled ray-tracing based CFD and cellular automaton model for predicting molten pool formation and microstructure evolution in narrow gap laser welding

Gu, Heng; Väistö, Tapio; Wei, Chao; Li, Lin; Ren, Xudong; Qian, Lili

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124115

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In laser welding processes such as narrow gap laser welding (NGLW), the laser beam interacts with the sidewall several times before forming a narrow groove, which has a strong influence on the formation of defects and the development of the grain structure. Gu et al [ 50 ] established an integrated ray tracing-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and CA modelling framework to investigate the impact of laser beam reflection on molten pool formation and microstructure evolution in multi-pass NGLW. Figure 12 illustrates the comparison of microstructures on transverse cross-sections in the middle of the welded bead after solidification, with and without laser beam reflection.…”

Section: Application Progress Of Ca In Microstructure Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 12 illustrates the comparison of microstructures on transverse cross-sections in the middle of the welded bead after solidification, with and without laser beam reflection. Finally, the simulated molten pool morphology and grain structure were compared with experimental observations, and good agreement was achieved [ 50 ].…”

Section: Application Progress Of Ca In Microstructure Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Grain structure evolution of four welding passes without laser beam reflection: ( a – d ); and with laser beam reflection: ( e – h ). The white areas represent lack of fusion, while other different colors represent different grains [ 50 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In laser welding processes such as narrow gap laser welding (NGLW), t interacts with the sidewall several times before forming a narrow groove strong influence on the formation of defects and the development of the gr Gu et al [50] established an integrated ray tracing-based computational fl (CFD) and CA modelling framework to investigate the impact of laser beam molten pool formation and microstructure evolution in multi-pass NGL…”

Section: Ca Simulation In Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Review on Cellular Automata for Microstructure Simulation of Metallic Materials

Zhi,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cellular automata (CA) method has played an important role in the research and development of metallic materials. CA can interpret the microstructure changes of materials and obtain more abundant, accurate and intuitive information of microstructure evolution than conventional methods. CA can visually represent the process of grain formation, growth, development and change to us in a graphical way, which can assist us in analysis, thinking and solving problems. In the last five years, the application of CA in materials research has been rapidly developed, and CA has begun to occupy an increasingly important position in the simulation research of metallic materials. After introducing the advantages and limitations of CA compared to other widely used simulation methods, the purpose of this paper is to review the recent application progress on the microstructure simulation of metallic materials using CA, such as solidification, recrystallization, phase transformation and carbide precipitation occurring during forming and heat treatment. Specifically, recent research advances on microstructure simulation by CA in the fields of additive manufacturing, welding, asymmetrical rolling, corrosion prevention, etc., are also elaborated in this paper. Furthermore, this paper points out the future work direction of CA simulation in the research of metallic materials, especially in the simulation of the crystal structure, the prediction of mechanical properties, CA simulation software and rule systems, etc. These are expected to attract wide attention of researchers in the field of metallic materials and promote the development of CA in materials research.

show abstract

Section: Application Progress Of Ca In Microstructure Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Progress Of Ca In Microstructure Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ca Simulation In Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review on Cellular Automata for Microstructure Simulation of Metallic Materials

Zhi,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Compared with the laser welding process, the NGLW process is more complex and easily generates sidewall incomplete fusion, porosity, and so on. Using computer fluid dynamic simulation, Gu et al [ 9 ] investigated the impact of laser beam reflection on incomplete fusion and microstructure evolution and classified the influence of laser beam reflection in the multi-pass NGLW process. Through a large number of experiments, Long et al [ 10 ] found that the key to solve the incomplete fusion was the ratio of the welding line energy to the wire feed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Porosity Defect Detection in Narrow Gap Laser Welding Based on Spectral Diagnosis

Liu

Xu²,

Feng

et al. 2023

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As an advanced connection technology for large thick-walled components, narrow gap laser welding has the advantages of small heat input and high efficiency and quality. However, porosity defects are prone to occur inside the weld due to the complex welding environment. In this study, the influence of the process parameters and pollutants such as water and oil on the porosity defect were explored. The action mechanism of water on the electron temperature and spectral intensity of the laser-induced plasma was analyzed. The results showed that the spectral intensity during narrow gap laser welding was weaker than that of flat plate butt welding. Under the optimal welding process conditions, the electron temperature during narrow gap laser self-fusion welding was calculated as 7413.3 K by the Boltzmann plot method. The electron density was 5.6714 × 1015 cm−3, conforming to the thermodynamic equilibrium state. With six groups of self-fusion welding parameters, only sporadic porosity defects were observed according to the X-ray detection. When there was water on the base metal surface, a large number of dense pores were observed on the weld surface and in the weld through X-ray inspection. Compared with the spectral data obtained under the normal process, the relative light intensity of the spectrometer in the whole band was reduced. The electron temperature decreased to the range of 6900 to 7200 K, while the electron density increased. The spectrum variation during narrow gap laser wire filling welding was basically the same as that of laser self-fusion welding. The porosity defects caused by water and oil pollutants in the laser welding could be effectively identified based on the intensity of the Fe I spectral lines.

show abstract