“…Our search resulted in 24 papers that collected LCAS data ( 9 , 11 – 33 ). Papers were excluded from our analysis when LCAS scores or summary statistics were not presented ( 13 , 19 , 20 , 30 , 32 ) or the LCAS scores were not in forms that were directly comparable ( 17 ). Because some studies modified the LCAS survey by either changing the number of items or altering the Likert scale, we normalized the data by presenting scores as a percentage of the maximum possible score.…”