A “crab-like” A6 relativistic magnetron with diffraction output driven by a transparent cathode

We present computer simulations of a “crablike” 12 resonator cavity relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) designed by doubling the number of cavities from our earlier 6 resonator cavity crablike MDO. This work aims to design a compact high-power narrowband microwave source with frequency switching capabilities. UNIPIC particle-in-cell computer simulations show that the crablike 12-cavity MDO with a transparent cathode radiates the TE11 mode with output power 1 GW and electronic efficiency as high as 41% when powered using a 400 kV voltage pulse and 0.41 T magnetic field. Computer simulations also demonstrate that the crablike 12-cavity MDO can radiate different modes, such as the TE21 mode, the TE31 mode, the TE41 mode, and the TE51 mode. The TE21 mode, in particular, can be radiated at three different frequencies, as low as 2.12 GHz, a median operating frequency of 2.4 GHz, and a higher operating frequency of 2.91 GHz, when different magnetic fields are used.

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A “crab-like” 12-cavity relativistic magnetron with diffraction output driven by a transparent cathode

Liu

Yang

Schamiloglu

et al. 2019

Physics of Plasmas

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Review of the relativistic magnetron

Andreev

Kuskov

Schamiloglu

2019

Matter and Radiation at Extremes

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The cavity magnetron is the most compact, efficient source of high-power microwave (HPM) radiation. The imprint that the magnetron has had on the world is comparable to the invention of the nuclear bomb. High- and low-power magnetrons are used in many applications, such as radar systems, plasma generation for semiconductor processing, and—the most common—microwave ovens for personal and industrial use. Since the invention of the magnetron in 1921 by Hull, scientists and engineers have improved and optimized magnetron technology by altering the geometry, materials, and operating conditions, as well as by identifying applications. A major step in advancing magnetrons was the relativistic magnetron introduced by Bekefi and Orzechowski at MIT (USA, 1976), followed by the invention of the relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) by Kovalev and Fuks at the Institute of Applied Physics (Soviet Union, 1977). The performance of relativistic magnetrons did not advance significantly thereafter until researchers at the University of Michigan and University of New Mexico (UNM) independently introduced new priming techniques and new cathode topologies in the 2000s, and researchers in Japan identified a flaw in the original Soviet MDO design. Recently, the efficiency of the MDO has reached 92% with the introduction of a virtual cathode and magnetic mirror, proposed by Fuks and Schamiloglu at UNM (2018). This article presents a historical review of the progression of the magnetron from a device intended to operate as a high-voltage switch controlled by the magnetic field that Hull published in 1921, to the most compact and efficient HPM source in the twenty-first century.

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Mode control by rearrangement of the slow wave structure in a 12-cavity relativistic magnetron with diffraction output using single-stepped cavities driven by a transparent cathode

Liu

et al. 2021

AIP Advances

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We present the design of an agile slow wave structure for a “crab-like” A12 relativistic magnetron with diffraction output using single-stepped cavities. By regrouping the interaction region as three sets of four cavities, the TE31 operating mode is generated at 2.60 GHz with 1.0 GW output power for an applied voltage of U = 350 kV and a magnetic field of B = 0.34 T. By regrouping the interaction region as four sets of three cavities, the TE41 operating mode is generated at 2.82 GHz with 1.0 GW output power for an applied voltage of U = 355 kV and a magnetic field of B = 0.36 T. Furthermore, by regrouping the interaction region as six sets of two cavities, the TE31 mode and the TE21 mode are generated. When an applied voltage of U = 350 kV and a magnetic field of B = 0.33 T are used, its output power can be as high as 1.0 GW for the TE31 mode operating at 2.5 GHz. In addition, when an applied voltage of U = 350 kV and a magnetic field of B = 0.42 T are used, its output power can be as high as 1.0 GW with operating mode TE21 at 2.62 GHz. It was found that the rearrangement of the slow wave structure can control the operating mode and, at the same time, lower the operating condition of the beam/wave interaction compared to the traditional 12-cavity relativistic magnetron. The result suggests that this configuration is favorable for mode switching through mechanical rearrangement of the slow wave structure. This work seeks to design a compact high power microwave source for a narrowband directed microwave beam that is suitable for mode switching investigations.

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A “crab-like” A6 relativistic magnetron with diffraction output driven by a transparent cathode

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

A “crab-like” 12-cavity relativistic magnetron with diffraction output driven by a transparent cathode

A “crab-like” 12-cavity relativistic magnetron with diffraction output driven by a transparent cathode

Review of the relativistic magnetron

Mode control by rearrangement of the slow wave structure in a 12-cavity relativistic magnetron with diffraction output using single-stepped cavities driven by a transparent cathode

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