A Critical Evaluation of the Estonian Cyber Incident

Abstract

This paper evaluates the effect of the Estonian cyber incident on Estonia, Russia, the United States, the European Union, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also known as NATO. The paper employs the Valeriano and Maness criteria for evaluating a cyber incident critically. The article asks how did the Estonian cyber incident come to pass, what were the foreign policy and international relationship effects, what was the impact on Estonia, and how did Estonia react to the attack. The essay concludes that the Estonian cyber incident was a catalyst, prompting the nations listed herein to address the effects of cyber-attacks, and then search for acceptable solutions.

The Computer Crimes of Vasiliy Gorshkov and Alexey Ivanov

“…The purpose of this paper is to analyze the computer crimes of Vasiliy Gorshkov and Alexey Ivanov using a slight modification of the Valeriano and Maness criteria [1] as what was accomplished by the author in a previous article regarding the Estonian cyber incident [2]. The analysis focuses on answering the following four questions [3] 1.…”

Russian Cyber-Attacks on Estonia, Georgia, and Ukraine, Including Tactics, Techniques, Procedures, and Effects

“…4 The movement of the statute was countered by intense opposition by the Russian government and Russian media, where protests in the streets quickly devolved into riots, the Estonian embassy went under siege, and the Estonian ambassador to Russia was physically harassed. 5 There was almost universal access to the Internet in Estonia, where the government promoted information technology to increase the administrative ability to foster communications between Estonian citizens and their government and became virtually paperless in 2001. 6 The cyber attackers employed three methods against the Estonian government and Estonian institutions.…”