“…Other studies have constructed their frameworks around the ownership of the various ECAs and the implications for perceived gains of ECA. This includes the impact of ECAs on selfefficacy (Attarwala, 2015;Raffo & Forbes, 2020;Bekomson et al, 2020), academic and learning outcomes (Storey, 2010;GEC, 2018;Behtoui, 2019;Donnelly et al, 2019), impact on peer interaction, social capital, and friendships (Fredricks & Simpkins, 2012;Simpkins, Vest, Delgado, & Price, 2012), teamwork, social skills, managing emotions (Braund & Reiss, 2006;Siddiqui, Gorard & See, 2019;Buckley & Lee, 2021) and resilience (Raffo & Forbes, 2020).…”