A critical look at cryosurgery

Cryoanalgesia. Review

“…Хорошо известно, что низкие температуры губительны для клеток человеческого организма [20][21][22][23]. Причиной некроза клеток являются микроциркуляторные нару шения, связанные с воздействием низких температур [24][25][26][27][28].…”

New treatment strategy of cryosurgery and temperature control

“…causing cell death [10,11]. Mechanistically, the higher the cooling rate, the more likely the formation of the lethal intracellular ice crystals, and thus rapid cooling is more destructive [12,14].…”

Cryo Corner: What Temperature Is Lethal for Cells?

“…Thereafter in cryosurgical literature, it is commonly written that − 20°C is lethal for cells and is the desirable temperature to attain in treatment 4–10. Others11 have suggested that even lesser temperatures are lethal and that necrosis occurs at the actual freezing point of tissues. In short, there is not much evidence to support a recommendation of −20°C as ideal in cryosurgery.…”