A Critical Mutualism – Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle

Castellanos, Nazareth P.; Diez, Gustavo; Antúnez-Almagro, Carmen; Bailén, María; Bressa, Carlo; Soltero, Rocío González; Pérez, Manuel Sierra; Larrosa, Mar

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.03142

Cited by 57 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…We previously showed that the performance of physical exercise in compliance with World Health Organization recommendations has a positive effect on the gut microbiota, increasing its diversity and complexity, and promoting the colonization of bacteria with potential health benefits 2,15 . To study how physical exercise modifies the gut microbiota, we designed a laboratory-based, moderate-intense exercise study to simultaneously investigate the potential changes that a single exercise bout induces in the serum and fecal metabolome and in the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tubes were then vortexed, incubated in an ultrasonic bath for 5 min, and centrifuged for a further 10 min. A volume of 95 μL of the supernatant was transferred to 0.2 mL-vials and mixed with 5 µL of a mixture of internal standards ( 13 C-glucose, 15 N-aspartate, ethylmalonic acid, amiloride, prednisone, metformin, atropine sulfate, colchicine, imipramine) in order to check for consistency of analytical results in terms of signal and retention time stability throughout the experiment. Quality control samples were obtained by pooling aliquots of each sample and these were injected every 5-10 samples throughout the analysis for further data normalization/ standardization.…”

Section: Chemicals and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of acute moderate-intensity exercise on the serum and fecal metabolomes and the gut microbiota of cross-country endurance athletes

Tabone

Bressa

García-Merino

et al. 2021

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Physical exercise can produce changes in the microbiota, conferring health benefits through mechanisms that are not fully understood. We sought to determine the changes driven by exercise on the gut microbiota and on the serum and fecal metabolome using 16S rRNA gene analysis and untargeted metabolomics. A total of 85 serum and 12 fecal metabolites and six bacterial taxa (Romboutsia, Escherichia coli TOP498, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Blautia, Ruminiclostridium 9 and Clostridium phoceensis) were modified following a controlled acute exercise session. Among the bacterial taxa, Ruminiclostridium 9 was the most influenced by fecal and serum metabolites, as revealed by linear multivariate regression analysis. Exercise significantly increased the fecal ammonia content. Functional analysis revealed that alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and the arginine and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways were the most relevant modified pathways in serum, whereas the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway was the most relevant pathway modified in feces. Correlation analysis between fecal and serum metabolites suggested an exchange of metabolites between both compartments. Thus, the performance of a single exercise bout in cross-country non-professional athletes produces significant changes in the microbiota and in the serum and fecal metabolome, which may have health implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemicals and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of acute moderate-intensity exercise on the serum and fecal metabolomes and the gut microbiota of cross-country endurance athletes

Tabone

Bressa

García-Merino

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…This result was expected since the C. albicans strain employed in our study showed resistance to fluconazole in MIC assays. Several studies have reported low susceptibility of biofilm-producing C. albicans strains to fluconazole, a front-line antifungal drug for the treatment of oral candidiasis ( Mukherjee et al., 2003 ; Uppuluri et al., 2008 ; Jia et al., 2016 ; Lu et al., 2019 ). Fluconazole showed an insignificant inhibition (< 20%) of C. albicans biofilms at concentration of 1024 μg/mL ( Jia et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) In Vitro and a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis

Barros

Rossoni

Garcia

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Candida albicans is the main fungal species associated with the development of oral candidiasis. Currently, therapeutic options for these infections are limited by the adverse effects of antifungal drugs and by the emergence of drug resistant strains. Thus, the development of new antifungal agents is needed for the prevention and treatment of oral Candida infections. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a natural compound from propolis polyphenolic groups that exhibits many pharmacological properties. In this study, we investigated whether CAPE can have antifungal and immunomodulatory effects on oral candidiasis. Preliminary tests to assess the antifungal activity of CAPE were performed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay that demonstrated inhibition in a range from 16 to 32 μg/mL, confirming its antifungal activity on several C. albicans strains isolated from the oral cavity. Subsequently, we analyzed Candida spp biofilms formed in vitro, in which CAPE treatment at 5 x MIC caused a reduction of 68.5% in the total biomass and ~2.60 Log in the viable cell count (CFU/mL) in relation to the untreated biofilm (p<0.0001). Next, RNA was extracted from untreated and CAPE-treated biofilms and analyzed by real-time qPCR. A series of genes analyzed (ALS1, ECE1, EPA1, HWP1, YWP1, BCR1, BGR1, CPH1, EFG1, NDT80, ROB1, TEC1, UME6, SAP2, SAP5, PBL2, and LIP9) were downregulated by CAPE compared to the untreated control group (p<0.0001). In in vivo studies using Galleria mellonella, the treatment with CAPE prolonged survival of larvae infected by C. albicans by 44.5% (p < 0.05) and accompanied by a 2.07-fold increase in the number of hemocytes. Flow cytometry revealed the most prominent increases were in types P2 and P3 hemocytes, granular cells, which phagocytize pathogens. In addition, CAPE treatment decreased the fungal load in the hemolymph and stimulated the expression of antifungal peptide genes such as galiomicin and gallerimycin. The antifungal and immunomodulatory activities observed in G. mellonella were extended to a murine model of oral candidiasis, in which CAPE decreased the levels of C. albicans colonization (~2 log CFU/mL) in relation to the untreated control group. In addition, CAPE treatment significantly reduced pseudomembranous lesions, invasion of hyphae on epithelium surfaces, tissue damage and inflammatory infiltrate (p < 0.05). CAPE was also able to increase the expression of β-defensin 3 compared to the infected and untreated group by 3.91-fold (p < 0.0001). Taken together, these results show that CAPE has both antifungal and immunomodulatory effects, making it a promising natural antifungal agent for the treatment and prevention of candidiasis and shows impact to oral candidiasis.

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“…Interestingly, a median reduction of 47.67% was observed in the Proteobacteria phylum of EG subjects, which was not observed in the CG, and we speculate that this may be a regulation caused by moderate aerobic exercise ( Supplemental Table S6 ; p > 0.05). This observation is relevant since the pathogenicity of a microorganism can be linked to balance among microbes and their interaction with the host, along with its own abundance [ 22 , 51 ]. In congruence with our perspective, Castellanos et al [ 52 ] identified key bacteria driving the transition of a sedentary to an active lifestyle and vice versa independent of bacterial abundances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moderate aerobic exercise affects the intestinal system mainly through gut immune function [ 18 ]; gut barrier integrity through tight junction proteins expression [ 19 ] and IgA production [ 20 ]; hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis stimulation which, in turn, affects enteric nervous system and intestinal transit time, as well as gut motility, intestinal pH and gut hormones release [ 20 ]; and bile acids metabolism within enterohepatic circulation [ 21 ]. These exercise-induced intestinal adaptations affect the gut environment in a way that may select the surviving microorganisms, leading to alterations to gut microbiota composition [ 14 , 20 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Gut Bacteria Composition of Healthy Men with the Same Nutritional Profile Undergoing 10-Week Aerobic Exercise Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021

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Nutrient consumption and body mass index (BMI) are closely related to the gut microbiota, and exercise effects on gut bacteria composition may be related to those variables. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of 10-week moderate aerobic exercise on the cardiorespiratory fitness and gut bacteria composition of non-obese men with the same nutritional profile. Twenty-four previously sedentary men (age 25.18 [SD 4.66] years, BMI 24.5 [SD 3.72] kg/m2) were randomly assigned into Control (CG; n = 12) or Exercise Groups (EG; n = 12). Body composition, cardiorespiratory parameters, blood markers, dietary habits and gut bacteria composition were evaluated. EG performed 150 min per week of supervised moderate (60–65% of VO2peak) aerobic exercise, while CG maintained their daily routine. The V4 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and treated using QIIME software. Only EG demonstrated marked improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak, p < 0.05; Effect Size = 0.971) without changes in other gut bacteria-affecting variables. Exercise did not promote clustering based on diversity indices (p > 0.05), although significant variations in an unclassified genus from Clostridiales order and in Streptococcus genus were observed (p < 0.05). Moreover, α-diversity was correlated with VO2peak (Pearson’s R: 0.47; R2 0.23: 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.74, p = 0.02) and BMI (Pearson’s R: −0.50; R2 0.25: 95%CI: −0.75 to −0.12, p = 0.01). Roseburia, Sutterella and Odoribacter genera were associated with VO2peak, while Desulfovibrio and Faecalibacterium genera were associated with body composition (p < 0.05). Our study indicates that aerobic exercise at moderate intensity improved VO2peak and affected gut bacteria composition of non-obese men who maintained a balanced consumption of nutrients.

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A Critical Mutualism – Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle

Cited by 57 publications

References 55 publications

The effect of acute moderate-intensity exercise on the serum and fecal metabolomes and the gut microbiota of cross-country endurance athletes

The effect of acute moderate-intensity exercise on the serum and fecal metabolomes and the gut microbiota of cross-country endurance athletes

The Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) In Vitro and a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis

Changes in the Gut Bacteria Composition of Healthy Men with the Same Nutritional Profile Undergoing 10-Week Aerobic Exercise Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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