A critical review of biosorption of dyes, heavy metals and metalloids from wastewater as an efficient and green process

Polysaccharides as Support for Microbial Biomass-Based Adsorbents with Applications in Removal of Heavy Metals and Dyes

“…The exacerbated water pollution crisis is a huge threat to the global economy, especially in association with the rapid development of industry; thus, the sustainable reuse of different treated water resources has become a worldwide necessity [1]. Lack of sufficient clean water is a growing challenge in many countries, due to industrial activities (including chemical, textile, pulp and paper, metallurgic, leather, polymeric, painting and coatings, food, and pharmacological activities) that generate pollutants into the receiving water resources, threatening the ecosystem.…”

“…Such rules set maximum permissible quantitative limits to avoid unpleasant or even dangerous effects. Thus, the prevention, development, or optimization of depollution techniques/technologies, and materials for advanced wastewater treatment is both a priority and a continuous challenge for specialists in the field of environmental sciences [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…The advantages of these bioprocesses are that they use natural products, biodegradable, have low impact on the environment, and can remove a number of pollutants from various environmental matrices. The purpose of implementing such biotechnologies is to increase the efficiency of depollution processes based on the costbenefit principle, with respect to the constant reduction of energy costs and manual labor, reducing the volume of raw materials handled, eliminating any sources of pollution, and lack of secondary production of hazardous waste [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

“…Biosorption using biomass (material of biological origin-microbial, vegetal, or animal cells containing in their structure different natural polymers such as polysaccharides and their derivates, proteins, lipids, etc.) as adsorptive materials, is a simple, useful, and effective treatment process [1][2][3][4][5][11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…The main advantage of bioprocesses (biotechnological, microbiological, biological), compared to certain physico-chemical treatments, is given by the fact that over 70% of the organic matter expressed by COD Cr can be converted into biosolids [6]. Thus, the depollution potential of different types of microorganisms opens directions to new emerging biotechnological processes to be further studied and transformed into practical and industrial solutions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”