A Critical Review of Cellulose Solvent Systems

Turbak, Albin F.; Hammer, René; Davies, R. E.; Portnoy, Norman A.

doi:10.1021/bk-1977-0058.ch002

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Three samples showed visible mechanical behaviour modifications (films became more flexible). Then, two bacterial strains were isolated from these three media; we submerged the three plastics (1,5,17) in distilled water inoculated by the corresponding bacterium. Eight months later, live bacteria were found in the media and the mechanical behaviour of the corresponding films was modified ( Table 5).…”

Section: Biodegradabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis and properties of biodegradable plastic films obtained by microwave-assisted cellulose acylation in homogeneous phase

Satgé

Granet

Verneuil

et al. 2004

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

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Section: Biodegradabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose chemical modifications occur more easily in amorphous regions than in crystalline ones [2]. Homogeneous derivatization needs either activation [3] or solubilization [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] of the polymer before its modification [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of biodegradable plastic films obtained by microwave-assisted cellulose acylation in homogeneous phase

Satgé

Granet

Verneuil

et al. 2004

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

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“…N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide is a good solvent for cellulose [307,308] and is used in the production of cellulose fibers such as Courtauld's Tencel. The N-methylmorpholine N-oxide, which is commercially available as a 50% solution in water, is prepared by the uncatalyzed oxidation of N-methylmorpholine with aqueous hydrogen peroxide (Eq.…”

Section: ð110þmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation

Teles

Hermans

Franz³

et al. 2015

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Overview of industrial oxidation processes 2.1. Inorganic chemicals 2.1.1. Sulfur derivatives 2.1.2. Carbon derivatives 2.1.3. Nitrogen derivatives 2.1.4. Chlorine derivatives 2.2. Organic chemicals 2.2.1. Olefins and alkynes 2.2.2. Epoxides 2.2.3. Hydroperoxides 2.2.4. Alcohols 2.2.5. Aldehydes 2.2.6. Ketones 2.2.7. Phenols and derivatives 2.2.8. Carboxylic acids, saturated 2.2.9. Carboxylic acids and anhydrides, unsaturated 2.2.10. Carboxylic acids and anhydrides, aromatic 2.2.11. Esters, lactones and carbonates 2.2.12. Nitriles 2.2.13. Oxidized nitrogen compounds 2.2.14. Chlorinated compounds 2.2.15. Sulfur compounds 3. Thermodynamics; Stability of Hydrocarbons 4. Reaction Types 5. Homolytic Oxidation 5.1. Historical Development; Reaction Mechanism; Radical Reactivity 5.2. Kinetics of Autoxidation 5.3. Differences between Liquid‐ and Gas‐Phase Autoxidations 5.4. Homolytic Oxidation in the Liquid Phase 5.4.1. Secondary Reactions of Radicals, Peroxides, and other Intermediates 5.4.2. Metal Catalysis in Homolytic Liquid‐Phase Oxidation 5.4.3. Inhibitors of Homolytic Liquid‐Phase Oxidation 5.4.4. Special Cases of Homolytic Oxidation 5.4.5. Process Technology of Homolytic Liquid‐Phase Oxidation 5.5. Homolytic Gas‐Phase Oxidation 5.6. Gas Explosions and Safety Data 6. Heterolytic Oxidation 6.1. Heterolytic Oxidation in the Liquid Phase 6.2. Heterogeneously Catalyzed Gas‐Phase Oxidation 6.2.1. Oxidation Catalysts 6.2.2. Process Technology of Heterogeneously Catalyzed Oxidations

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“…The limitations of both solvents and processes, coupled with the increased emphasis on sustainability have prompted the search for alternative greener substitutes. This necessity is the impetus for the continued interest in developing new cellulose solvents, despite the existence of several ones in commercial use [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Imidazole-based ILs have gained importance in the areas of cellulose dissolution, processing and derivatization, resulting in a large number of publications, including review articles [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Solvents for the Dissolution, Shaping and Derivatization of Cellulose: Quaternary Ammonium Electrolytes and their Solutions in Water and Molecular Solvents

et al. 2018

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There is a sustained interest in developing solvents for physically dissolving cellulose, i.e., without covalent bond formation. The use of ionic liquids, ILs, has generated much interest because of their structural versatility that results in efficiency as cellulose solvents. Despite some limitations, imidazole-based ILs have received most of the scientific community’s attention. The objective of the present review is to show the advantages of using quaternary ammonium electrolytes, QAEs, including salts of super bases, as solvents for cellulose dissolution, shaping, and derivatization, and as a result, increase the interest in further investigation of these important solvents. QAEs share with ILs structural versatility; many are liquids at room temperature or are soluble in water and molecular solvents (MSs), in particular dimethyl sulfoxide. In this review we first give a historical background on the use of QAEs in cellulose chemistry, and then discuss the common, relatively simple strategies for their synthesis. We discuss the mechanism of cellulose dissolution by QAEs, neat or as solutions in MSs and water, with emphasis on the relevance to cellulose dissolution efficiency of the charge and structure of the cation and. We then discuss the use of cellulose solutions in these solvents for its derivatization under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. The products of interest are cellulose esters and ethers; our emphasis is on the role of solvent and possible side reactions. The final part is concerned with the use of cellulose dopes in these solvents for its shaping as fibers, a field with potential commercial application.

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A Critical Review of Cellulose Solvent Systems

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Synthesis and properties of biodegradable plastic films obtained by microwave-assisted cellulose acylation in homogeneous phase

Synthesis and properties of biodegradable plastic films obtained by microwave-assisted cellulose acylation in homogeneous phase

Oxidation

Recent Advances in Solvents for the Dissolution, Shaping and Derivatization of Cellulose: Quaternary Ammonium Electrolytes and their Solutions in Water and Molecular Solvents

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