A critical review of conventional terminology for classifying seaports

The directional development of intermodal freight corridors in relation to inland terminals

“…Whereas in the past these corridors were more static, due primarily to the geographical or political entry barriers represented by port location, this view of ports is no longer valid (Robinson, 2002, Bichou & Gray, 2005. Notteboom & Rodrigue (2005) have characterised inland terminals as active nodes in shaping the transport chain.…”

Network diversity and maritime flows

“…Ports are often classified according to their operational differences, such as the dominant commodity handled (Bichou and Gray, 2005), which is an essential element of their activity. The contemporary specialization of maritime transport and port operations resulted in a variety of local combinations, each port handling a different set of commodities, from the most specialized to the most diversified, with many ports becoming redundant for a few large gateways concentrating all kinds of traffics (Mayer, 1973;Von Schirach-Szmigiel, 1973).…”

Port Governance Reforms in Diversified Institutional Frameworks: Generic Solutions, Implementation Asymmetries

“…The several distinctive variables of the sector -as exemplified in this journal , and elsewhere (cf. Bichou and Gray, 2005) -and the increased commonality of the problems faced by international ports 1 leads various institutions, including inter-governmental organisations like the World Bank, to recommend prototype practices that may be employed by all.…”