A critical review of electrical-resistance-based self-sensing in conductive cement-based materials

Chung, D.D.L.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2022.11.076

Cited by 68 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…These include the type of filler used, cement and water concentration, the type of loading (such as compressive, flexural, or tensile), the magnitude and rate of loading, measurement parameters such as circuit type and current, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of the specimen. Environmental factors such as humidity and temperature also play significant roles [28,46,[98][99][100][101][102].…”

Section: Gfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They demonstrated that the electrical resistance of sensors processed under wet conditions tends to rise with processing age, whereas it remains stable for sensors processed in dry air. Furthermore, the literature extensively addresses the impact of temperature [42], humidity [43], types of loading [44], dispersion methods [45], electrical resistance measurement setups [46], and diverse additives like hydrophobic materials [47] on the sensing capabilities of various cementitious materials, encompassing mortar, concrete, and cement paste. However, there remains a notable dearth of studies focusing on cementitious geocomposites such as stabilized soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of cement and water content on the multifaceted capabilities of a self-sensing cement-based geocomposite: a comprehensive analysis

Abedi,

Roshan,

Adresi

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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This study investigates the synergistic effects of cement, water, and hybrid carbon nanotubes/graphene nanoplatelets (CNT/GNP) concentrations on the mechanical, microstructural, durability, and piezoresistive properties of self-sensing cementitious geocomposites. Varied concentrations of cement (8% to 18%), water (8% to 16%), and CNT/GNP (0.1% to 0.34%, 1:1) were incorporated into cementitious stabilized sand (CSS). Mechanical characterization involved compression and flexural tests, while microstructural analysis utilized dry density, apparent porosity, water absorption, and non-destructive ultrasonic testing, alongside TGA, SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses. The durability of the composite was also assessed against 180 Freeze-thaw cycles. Moreover, the piezoresistive behaviour of the nano-reinforced CSS was analyzed during cyclic flexural and compressive loading using the four-probe method. The optimal carbon nanomaterials (CNM) content was found to depend on the water and cement ratios. Generally, elevating the water content led to a rise in the CNM optimal concentration, primarily attributed to improved dispersion and adequate water for the cement hydration process. The maximum increments in flexural and compressive strengths, compared to plain CSS, were significant, reaching up to approximately 30% for flexural strength and 41% for compressive strength, for the specimen containing 18% cement, 12% water, and 0.17% CNM. This improvement was attributed to the nanoparticles' pore-filling function, acceleration of hydration, regulation of free water, and facilitation of crack-bridging mechanisms in the geocomposite. Further decreases in cement and water content adversely impacted the piezoresistive performance of the composite. Notably, specimens containing 8% cement (across all water content variations) and 10% cement (with 8% and 12% water content) showed a lack of piezoresistive responses. In contrast, specimens containing 14% and 18% cement displayed substantial sensitivity, evidenced by elevated gauge factors, under loading conditions.

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Section: Gfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cement and water content on the multifaceted capabilities of a self-sensing cement-based geocomposite: a comprehensive analysis

Abedi,

Roshan,

Adresi

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…These materials are cement binders, such as pastes, mortar, or concrete, that have been doped with a single or a combination of electrically conductive fillers to enhance their sensing properties [12,13]. Monitoring is made possible through the analysis of electrical changes in resistance under external stimuli such as strain, damage, temperature, and moisture [14]. In cementitious systems, the sensing mechanism is a result of ionic and electronic conduction [12,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Background 21 Advances In Structural Health Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Monitoring of Concrete Using Carbon Black-Based Smart Coatings

Milone,

Vlachakis,

Tulliani

et al. 2024

Materials

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Given the challenges we face of an ageing infrastructure and insufficient maintenance, there is a critical shift towards preventive and predictive maintenance in construction. Self-sensing cement-based materials have drawn interest in this sector due to their high monitoring performance and durability compared to electronic sensors. While bulk applications have been well-discussed within this field, several challenges exist in their implementation for practical applications, such as poor workability and high manufacturing costs at larger volumes. This paper discusses the development of smart carbon-based cementitious coatings for strain monitoring of concrete substrates under flexural loading. This work presents a physical, electrical, and electromechanical investigation of sensing coatings with varying carbon black (CB) concentrations along with the geometric optimisation of the sensor design. The optimal strain-sensing performance, 55.5 ± 2.7, was obtained for coatings with 2 wt% of conductive filler, 3 mm thickness, and a gauge length of 60 mm. The results demonstrate the potential of applying smart coatings with carbon black addition for concrete strain monitoring.

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“…The exploration of self-sensing properties in cementitious composites originated in 1993 when an American scientist pioneered research in this field [29]. Subsequently, significant advancements have been made in the domain of self-sensing building materials [30][31][32][33][34]. Initially, the approach involved introducing conductive fillers [35][36][37][38][39] into cementitious composites, inherently characterized by low electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitive compressive stress self-sensing behavior of cement mortar and its dependence on the thickness

Ozturk

2024

Phys. Scr.

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Capacitance based compressive stress/strain self-sensing properties and its dependence on thickness is presented for the fist time. Coplanar electrode configuration is used for the electrical measurements and known weights are used to create cyclic stresses on the mortar samples with different thicknesses. Mortar plates with 6 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm thicknesses are produced and capacitance change with stress application is measured with an inductance-capacitance-resistance meter (LCR meter). Capacitance value of the mortar with 6 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm thicknesses are 450 pF, 532 pF and 607 pF, respectively. Capacitance increases as thickness increases. However, stress sensitivities of the mortar with 6 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm thicknesses are measured as 3.1x10-6 P-1, 3.1x10-7 P-1 and 1.1x10-7 P-1. Stress sensitivity decreases with increasing the mortar thickness. While capacitive self-sensing is effective when the mortar thickness is known, capacitive self-sensing is ineffective with varying mortar thickness. This research contributes valuable insights into the practical application of capacitance-based sensing in materials subjected to compressive stresses, highlighting the need for considerations regarding thickness variations in real-world applications such as load monitoring and weighing.

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A critical review of electrical-resistance-based self-sensing in conductive cement-based materials

Cited by 68 publications

References 131 publications

Influence of cement and water content on the multifaceted capabilities of a self-sensing cement-based geocomposite: a comprehensive analysis

Influence of cement and water content on the multifaceted capabilities of a self-sensing cement-based geocomposite: a comprehensive analysis

Strain Monitoring of Concrete Using Carbon Black-Based Smart Coatings

Capacitive compressive stress self-sensing behavior of cement mortar and its dependence on the thickness

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