A critical review of structural supercapacitors and outlook on future research challenges

Greenhalgh, Emile S.; Nguyen, Sang N.; Valkova, M.; Shirshova, Natasha; Shaffer, Milo S. P.; Kucernak, Anthony

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2023.109968

Cited by 65 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…9 Structural supercapacitor composites have experimentally demonstrated the following multifunctional device properties: E = 33 GPa, σ = 110 MPa, Γ * = 1.4 Wh/kg and P * = 1.1 kW/kg. 11,18 Providing further improvements continue and future research addresses the challenges for adoption discussed in this paper, SPCs are considered a viable prospect for electric air taxis and offer various design approaches to improve flight mission performance and increase payload. For instance, a 74 Wh/kg, 376 W/kg SPC could allow all the batteries to be replaced with 550 kg extra payload, making the CityAirbus significantly more commercially attractive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 SSCs have experimentally demonstrated the following multifunctional device properties: E = 33 GPa, σ = 110 MPa, Γ * = 1.4 Wh/kg and P * = 1.1 kW/kg. 11,18 The mechanical properties were obtained from longitudinal tensile coupon tests on unidirectional SBCs or plain weave SSCs. Multicell SSC demonstrators have been manufactured, including an automotive boot lid 7 (Figure 2(b)) and a fuselage rib that powers a desktop-scale aircraft door to open and close 16 (Figure 2(c)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifunctional design, feasibility and requirements for structural power composites in future electric air taxis

Ishfaq

Nguyen

Greenhalgh

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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This study investigates the viability of implementing multifunctional structural power composites in a four-seater air taxi, the CityAirbus. For a given specific energy of the power source, the cruise endurance can be approximately doubled by using structural power composites as opposed to conventional batteries. Replacing all the eligible composite mass and batteries with structural power composites can reduce the CityAirbus weight by 25%. To achieve the current design performance, the minimum required elastic modulus, strength, specific energy and power for the structural power composite are 54 GPa, 203 MPa, 74 Wh/kg and 376 W/kg, respectively: current state-of-the-art structural power composites are now approaching this level of performance. Hence, structural power composites are considered feasible for adoption in the urban air mobility sector and have the potential to improve endurance and facilitate commercialization. This paper also discusses several key challenges that must be addressed to realize the adoption of structural power composites in future electric air taxis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional design, feasibility and requirements for structural power composites in future electric air taxis

Ishfaq

Nguyen

Greenhalgh

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…The experience gained working on a multicell device will prepare us for design and manufacture of more sophisticated demonstrators as those showcased for structural supercapacitors, using multiple packs of stacked cells in automotive and aeronautical applications. [19] 2. Results and Discussion…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aesr202300109mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Structural Battery Composites: Robust Manufacturing for Enhanced and Consistent Multifunctional Performance

Siraj,

Tasneem,

Carlstedt

et al. 2023

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Multifunctional materials offer a possibility to create lighter and more resource‐efficient products and thereby improve energy efficiency. Structural battery composites are one type of such a multifunctional material with potential to offer massless energy storage for electric vehicles and aircraft. Although such materials have been demonstrated, their performance level and consistency must be improved. Also, the cell dimensions need to be increased. Herein, a robust manufacturing procedure is developed and structural battery composite cells are repeatedly manufactured with double the multifunctional performance and size compared to state‐of‐the‐art structural battery cells. Furthermore, six structural battery cells are selected and laminated into a structural battery composite multicell demonstrator to showcase the technology. The multicell demonstrator performance is characterized for two different electrical configurations. The low variability in the multifunctional properties of the cells verifies the potential for upscaling offered by the proposed manufacture technique.

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“…Therefore, the development of solid-state electrolytes with adequate mechanical properties and high ionic conductivities is necessary to design a high-performance SSC. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Cement, as an important inorganic cementitious material, is extensively used in civil engineering applications but is rarely used to store energy. Equally, conventional energy storage devices are applied without consideration of withstanding large external forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the development of solid-state electrolytes with adequate mechanical properties and high ionic conductivities is necessary to design a high-performance SSC. 15–21…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D porous cementitious electrolytes with “stream-reservoir” ionic channels for high multifunctional performance structural supercapacitors

Shi,

Zhang

2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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A critical review of structural supercapacitors and outlook on future research challenges

Cited by 65 publications

References 147 publications

Multifunctional design, feasibility and requirements for structural power composites in future electric air taxis

Multifunctional design, feasibility and requirements for structural power composites in future electric air taxis

Advancing Structural Battery Composites: Robust Manufacturing for Enhanced and Consistent Multifunctional Performance

3D porous cementitious electrolytes with “stream-reservoir” ionic channels for high multifunctional performance structural supercapacitors

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