A critical review of susceptibility of crustaceans to Taura syndrome, Yellowhead disease and White Spot Disease and implications of inclusion of these diseases in European legislation

Disease will limit future food supply from the global crustacean fishery and aquaculture sectors

“…Furthermore, some of them are listed by the OIE, highlighting their ongoing importance as negative constraints to production and yield from the industry. In addition, they have potential to affect non-farmed populations of susceptible crustaceans (OIE, 2009;Stentiford et al, 2009Stentiford et al, , 2010aLightner, 2012). It is also noteworthy that since 1993, due to domestication and genetic stock selection of Pacific white leg shrimp (P. vannamei), that large-scale production has shifted away from the formerly dominant black tiger shrimp (P. monodon) (Flegel, 2012;Moss et al, 2012).…”

“…However, broadly speaking, at least part of this variation is based upon an inherent differential ability for specific pathogens to transmit, infect, replicate, cause disease, and mortality in specific host taxa. While numerous examples exist of this differential ability in the literature, a comparison of host susceptibility to the viral pathogens WSSV (many taxa across the Order Decapoda), and TSV or YHV (generally considered more specific to certain taxa) demonstrates a clearly different host-pathogen interface in these examples (Stentiford et al, 2009). To complicate matters further, recent studies on pathogen profile and prevalence in juvenile and adults of the same species of crab (C. pagurus) demonstrate how susceptibility to infection and disease alter throughout the lifetime of a given species (see Bateman et al, 2011).…”

Shrimp Viral Diseases, Import Risk Assessment and International Trade

“…Taura syndrome virus (TSV) outbreaks in P. vannamei were first reported in Ecuador in 1992, but it is suspected by the farmers in this region to have been present since mid-80s [23]. Based on the sequence of the gene encoding the largest and the dominant structural protein, VP1, four genotypic groups of the virus have been recognized: (a) the American group (b) the Southeast Asian group (c) the Belize group, and (d) Venezuela group [14].…”

“…This further suggests that Japanese shrimp also have long history of association with WSSV with the viral gene segments inserted into the host chromosome. WSSV can often be detected in wild shrimp tested in many parts of the world [3,8,12,23], but this has not caused any significant decline in natural populations of these shrimp as evident from capture fisheries data from Asia since the mid nineties [6]. It is possible that aquaculture systems provided the environment in which WSSV outbreaks could be triggered.…”

Susceptibility of juvenile European lobster Homarus gammarus to shrimp products infected with high and low doses of white spot syndrome virus

“…YHV and TSV are listed as exotic to the EU, whereas WSSV is listed as non-exotic (Stentiford et al 2010, Stentiford & Lightner 2011. In the European context, WSSV is considered to be the most significant threat owing to its wide host range, pathogenesis in temperate conditions and its potential for rapid spread (Stentiford et al 2009(Stentiford et al , 2010.…”