A critical review of the variation in rainwater acidity in 24 Chinese cities during 1982–2018

Qu, Rui; Han, Guilin

doi:10.1525/elementa.2021.00142

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…By contrast, the potential Cl − inputs from the anthropogenic domestic sewage in urban region may be assuaged by various landscape setting and the well-mixed processes of river water, further resulting in a low concentration of riverine Cl − . Moreover, although previous work have revealed that rainwater NO 3 − could be a significant contributor (even up to 71%) of riverine NO 3 − during storm-frequency season [35], however, the river water NO 3 − concentration (0.19 ± 0.13 meq/L) in the study period (dry season) was much higher than the karst rainwater NO 3 − concentration (typically < 0.04 meq/L) [36][37][38]. Therefore, the contribution of wet deposition to Chishui River water NO 3 − is very limited.…”

Section: Stoichiometry-revealed Sources Of Solutesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Sulfur Isotope and Stoichiometry–Based Source Identification of Major Ions and Risk Assessment in Chishui River Basin, Southwest China

Wang

et al. 2021

Water

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Hydrochemistry and sulfur isotope (δ34S–SO42−) of Chishui River watershed in Southwest China were measured to identify the sources of riverine solutes, the potential impact of human activities, water quality, and health risk. The main findings indicated that the HCO3− (2.22 mmol/L) and Ca2+ (1.54 mmol/L) were the major ions, with the cation order of Ca2+ (71 ± 6%) > Mg2+ (21 ± 6%) > Na+ + K+ (8 ± 3%) and the anion sequence of HCO3− (55 ± 9%) > SO42− (41 ± 9%) > Cl− (4 ± 3%). The riverine δ34S–SO42− values fluctuated from −7.79‰ to +22.13‰ (average +4.68‰). Overall, the water samples from Chishui River presented a hydrochemical type of Calcium–Bicarbonate. The stoichiometry and PCA analysis extracted three PCs that explained 79.67% of the total variances. PC 1 with significantly positive loadings of K+, Mg2+, F−, HCO3− and relatively strong loading of Ca2+ revealed the natural sources of rock weathering inputs (mainly carbonate). PC 2 (Na+ and Cl−) was primarily explained as atmospheric contribution, while the human inputs were assuaged by landscape setting and river water mixing processes. The strongest loadings of SO42− and NO3− were found in PC 3, which could be defined as the anthropogenic inputs. The H2SO4–involved weathering processes significantly impacted (facilitated weathering) the concentrations of riverine total ions. Sulfur isotope compositions further indicated that riverine SO42− were mainly controlled by anthropogenic inputs SO42− compared to the sulfide oxidation derived SO42−, and the atmospheric contribution was very limited. The results of risk and water quality assessment demonstrated that Chishui River water was desirable for irrigation and drinking purposes due to low hazard quotient values (<1, ignorable risk), but long–term monitoring is still worthy under the circumstances of global environmental change.

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Section: Stoichiometry-revealed Sources Of Solutesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Sulfur Isotope and Stoichiometry–Based Source Identification of Major Ions and Risk Assessment in Chishui River Basin, Southwest China

Wang

et al. 2021

Water

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“…Due to the significance of LWC to HMS production and reversal, it is likely that aqueous aerosols, fog, cloud droplets, and possibly ice crystals will be most impactful on HMS production. Because the rainwater pH of areas such as the Western U.S. and Eastern China can reach much less acidic pH levels due to increased ammonia emissions, it is likely that these areas will be more susceptible to HMS 690 production (Keresztesi et al, 2020;Qu and Han, 2021). Together, these conditions indicate that highly polluted areas which experience higher pH and greater LWC will likely be influenced by this chemistry.…”

Section: Model Hms Sensitivity Analysis 650mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission factors and evolution of SO₂ measured from biomass burning in wild and agricultural fires

Rickly

Guo

Campuzano‐Jost

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Fires emit sufficient sulfur to affect local and regional air quality and climate. This study analyzes SO2 emission factors and variability in smoke plumes from US wild and agricultural fires, and their relationship to sulfate and hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) formation. Observed SO2 emission factors for various fuel types show good agreement with the latest reviews of biomass burning emission factors, producing an emission factor range of 0.47–1.2 g SO2 kg-1 C in the emissions. These emission factors vary with geographic location in a way that suggests that deposition of coal burning emissions and application of sulfur-containing fertilizers likely play a role in the larger observed values, which are primarily associated with agricultural burning. A 0-D box model generally reproduces the observed trends of SO2 and total sulfate (inorganic + organic) in aging wildfire plumes. In many cases, modeled HMS is consistent with the observed organosulfur concentrations. However, a comparison of observed organosulfur and modeled HMS suggests that multiple organosulfur compounds are likely responsible for the observations, but that the chemistry of these compounds yield similar production and loss rates to that of HMS, resulting in good agreement with the modeled results. We provide suggestions for constraining the organosulfur compounds observed during these flights and we show that the chemistry of HMS can allow for organosulfur to act as a S(IV) reservoir under conditions of increased pH (>6) and liquid water content (>10-7 g m-3). This can facilitate long-range transport of sulfur emissions resulting in increased SO2 and eventually sulfate in transported smoke.

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“…Wet precipitation is an essential pathway to scavenge pollutants from atmosphere (Qu et al, 2021). Over 90% of the total amount of pollutants present in the atmosphere can be scavenged through wet deposition (MacDonald et al, 2018;Mehr et al, 2019;Gromping et al, 1997).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscript 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Typhoons on Chemical Makeup of Rainwater in Zhanjiang, China

Zhen

Zhou

et al. 2022

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Typhoons are extreme weather events with substantial effects on ambient air. However, whether typhoons of different intensities have the same effects on the chemical composition of rainwater is unclear. Therefore, 4 years of rainwater sampling and an analysis of the ionic composition (Cl − , Ca 2+ , Na + , SO4 2− , Mg 2+ , F − , and K + ) of rainwater were conducted in Zhanjiang, a city on the southern tip of mainland China. The ionic composition varied seasonally, being high in dry seasons and low in wet seasons; ion levels were controlled by rainfall dilution effects rather than by the monsoon transition. Source determination demonstrated that the marine influences in the dry and wet seasons were similar, further indicating the limited impact of the monsoon climate on the ionic species' seasonal patterns. The heavy rain and strong wind (> 47.4 m s −1 ) brought by a super typhoon led to an increase in ionic species carried from continental sources into ambient air, and such species were then captured by wet precipitation. The weak winds (10.71-12.84 m s −1 ) brought by weak typhoons failed to blow such ions into the air, but rainfall dilution still occurred and was dependent upon rainfall amount. Our results suggest that strong typhoons can increase ion concentrations in rainwater, whereas weak typhoons reduce such concentrations. The results provide new insight into the relationship between air quality and typhoons.

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A critical review of the variation in rainwater acidity in 24 Chinese cities during 1982–2018

Cited by 23 publications

References 104 publications

Sulfur Isotope and Stoichiometry–Based Source Identification of Major Ions and Risk Assessment in Chishui River Basin, Southwest China

Sulfur Isotope and Stoichiometry–Based Source Identification of Major Ions and Risk Assessment in Chishui River Basin, Southwest China

Emission factors and evolution of SO₂ measured from biomass burning in wild and agricultural fires

Influence of Typhoons on Chemical Makeup of Rainwater in Zhanjiang, China

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A critical review of the variation in rainwater acidity in 24 Chinese cities during 1982–2018

Cited by 23 publications

References 104 publications

Sulfur Isotope and Stoichiometry–Based Source Identification of Major Ions and Risk Assessment in Chishui River Basin, Southwest China

Sulfur Isotope and Stoichiometry–Based Source Identification of Major Ions and Risk Assessment in Chishui River Basin, Southwest China

Emission factors and evolution of SO2 measured from biomass burning in wild and agricultural fires

Influence of Typhoons on Chemical Makeup of Rainwater in Zhanjiang, China

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Emission factors and evolution of SO₂ measured from biomass burning in wild and agricultural fires