A Critical Review of the Role of Thin Liquid Films for Modified Salinity Brine Recovery Processes

Guo, Haoli; Nazari, Negar; Esmaeilzadeh, Soheil; Kovscek, Anthony R.

doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2020.101393

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…The presence of potential determining ions in the same solution affects the performance of each ion in modifying the zeta-potential of limestone. This is in line with the current literature addressing the electrokinetics of the oil/brine/rock interfaces during ionically controlled waterflooding. ,− The current study provides further and detailed insights into the ability of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and SO 4 2– ions to modify the zeta-potential of limestone by the systematic investigation of the interplay between the three potential determining ions when they are present alone in the solution, when two ions are present together, and when the three ions coexist in the bulk of a seawater formulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Despite the extensive research aimed to understand the electrokinetic interactions during controlled-salinity waterflooding, there is still a lack of detailed studies and experimental evidence explaining the interplay between Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and SO 4 2– ions. , A very few studies addressed the ability of one potential determining ion to alter carbonates surface charges in presence of other potential determining ions, which is the situation of a typical injection water. Strand et al studied the relative impact of Ca 2+ and SO 4 2– ions on zeta-potential of chalk suspension in NaCl brine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interplay Between Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄^2– Ions and Their Influence on the Zeta-Potential of Limestone during Controlled-Salinity Waterflooding

et al. 2021

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Substantially enhanced oil recoveries from carbonate reservoirs have been accredited to the modification of ionic content and salinity of the injection water and subsequent alteration of reservoir rock wettability toward more water-wet. Modification of surface charges at rock/oil/water interfaces is believed to be the main mechanism that controls the process of wettability alteration. This paper presents a systematic zeta-potential measurement study that investigates the individual and relative impacts of Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO4 2– ions on a limestone rock from the Middle East. The main target of the study is to understand the impact of each potential determining ion individually and in the presence of another ion for insightful explanations of the overall impact of injection water during ionically controlled waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs. The novelty of the current study is the comprehensive investigation of the interplay between potential determining ions and the resultant impact on limestone surface charges. Different modified brines were prepared based on the ionic composition of Arabian Gulf seawater, which is the main source of injection water in the region. Model oil, containing carboxylic acid, was used to represent the oil phase in aging procedures. Interactions at the rock/oil/water interfaces were assessed using zeta-potential measurements of unaged and aged limestone particles. The results show that Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO4 2– are potential determining ions that can alter surface charges of unaged and aged limestone. SO4 2– ions were found to have a profound impact on the generation of negative surface charges on limestone as well as in suppressing the preferential ability of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions to generate positive surface charges. Results also showed that limestone possesses negative surface charges when conditioned in unmodified seawater and twice diluted seawater. Comparing the obtained results from this study with the literature suggests that similarities in the mineralogical composition of carbonates rocks do not necessarily reflect in similar electrokinetic behavior, even under the same experimental conditions. Moreover, this study shows that the zeta-potential of limestone is not linearly correlated with decreased salinity. Furthermore, it is shown that conditioning limestone in sequentially diluted seawater will result in an increase in the magnitude of the negative charges up to twice diluted seawater, after which the magnitude of the negative surface charges will start to decrease. This finding suggests that a different mechanism is responsible for the modification of carbonate surface charges during late stages of sequential low-salinity waterflooding than the mechanism that controls the modification of surface charges during early stages of the process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay Between Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄^2– Ions and Their Influence on the Zeta-Potential of Limestone during Controlled-Salinity Waterflooding

et al. 2021

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“…It should be noted that the observation of improved oil recovery in rocks occurs over a series of length and time scales. 5 , 43 , 44 Across the length scale, SCM serves to provide an understanding of the rock–brine–oil interactions at the nanoscale, where the rock surface is considered as a smooth colloidal particle interacting with oil molecules. This technique neglects the role of surface roughness, which has been studied to influence carbonate rock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Interactions at the Crude Oil–Brine–Rock Interfaces Using Different Surface Complexation Models and DLVO Theory: Application to Carbonate Wettability

2022

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The impact of ionic association with the carbonate surface and its influence toward carbonate wettability remains unclear and is an important topic of interest in the current literature. In this work, a triple layer model (TLM) approach was used to capture the electrokinetic interactions at both calcite–brine and oil–brine interfaces. The developed TLM was assembled against measured ζ-potential values from the literature, successfully capturing the trends and closely matching the ζ-potential magnitudes. The developed TLM was compared to a diffused layer model (DLM) presented in previous works, with the DLM showing a better match to the ζ-potential values for seawater brine solutions. The ζ-potential values predicted from both surface complexation models (SCMs) were used to calculate the total interaction energy (or potential) based on the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory. It was observed that low Mg 2+ and high SO 4 2– concentrations in modified composition brine (MCB) made the calcite–brine interface more negative. However, at the oil–brine interface, low Mg 2+ made the oil–brine interface more negative but high SO 4 2– concentrations slightly shifted the oil–brine ζ-potential toward negative. At the crude oil–brine–rock (COBR) interfaces, low Mg 2+ and high SO 4 2– concentrations in the MCB were observed to generate a greater repulsive interaction energy, which could trigger carbonate wettability alteration toward water wetness. The absolute sum of the ζ-potential at both interfaces was observed to be correlated to the total interaction potential at a 0.25 nm separating distance. Thus, an increase in the absolute sum of the ζ-potentials would generate a greater repulsive interaction potential and trigger wettability alteration. Therefore, these SCMs can be applied to design modified composition brine capable of triggering a repulsive interaction energy to alter carbonate wettability toward water wetness.

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“…Wetting films can be introduced as a tool for elimination of the sharp transition between the liquid-gas interface and solid-gas interface. However, in many cases they are present in real systems and affect their behavior drastically [37]. The importance of accounting for the wetting films when considering wetting of nanopores has been also reported recently by Zhang et al [38].…”

Section: Governing Equations and System Parametersmentioning

confidence: 81%

Edge Wetting: Steady State of Rivulets in Wedges

Kubochkin,

Gambaryan-Roisman

2022

Preprint

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The geometry of rough, textured, fractured and porous media is topologically complicated. Those media are commonly represented by bundles of capillary tubes when modeled. However, angle-containing geometries can serve as a more realistic portrayal of their inner structure. A basic element abidingly inherent to all of them is an open wedge-like channel. The classical theory of capillarity ignoring intermolecular interactions implies that liquid entering the wedge must propagate indefinitely along its spine when the liquid-gas interface is concave. The latter is well-known as a Concus-Finn condition. In the present paper, we show that steady-state rivulets violating Concus-Finn condition can be formed in such channels when the surface forces are taken into account. We present a simple model based on the disjoining pressure approach and analyze the shape of the rivulets in the wedges. Besides, we consider a case when the walls of the wedge are soft and can be deformed by the liquid.

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A Critical Review of the Role of Thin Liquid Films for Modified Salinity Brine Recovery Processes

Cited by 22 publications

References 152 publications

Interplay Between Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄^2– Ions and Their Influence on the Zeta-Potential of Limestone during Controlled-Salinity Waterflooding

Interplay Between Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄^2– Ions and Their Influence on the Zeta-Potential of Limestone during Controlled-Salinity Waterflooding

Ionic Interactions at the Crude Oil–Brine–Rock Interfaces Using Different Surface Complexation Models and DLVO Theory: Application to Carbonate Wettability

Edge Wetting: Steady State of Rivulets in Wedges

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A Critical Review of the Role of Thin Liquid Films for Modified Salinity Brine Recovery Processes

Cited by 22 publications

References 152 publications

Interplay Between Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42– Ions and Their Influence on the Zeta-Potential of Limestone during Controlled-Salinity Waterflooding

Interplay Between Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42– Ions and Their Influence on the Zeta-Potential of Limestone during Controlled-Salinity Waterflooding

Ionic Interactions at the Crude Oil–Brine–Rock Interfaces Using Different Surface Complexation Models and DLVO Theory: Application to Carbonate Wettability

Edge Wetting: Steady State of Rivulets in Wedges

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Product

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Interplay Between Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄^2– Ions and Their Influence on the Zeta-Potential of Limestone during Controlled-Salinity Waterflooding

Interplay Between Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄^2– Ions and Their Influence on the Zeta-Potential of Limestone during Controlled-Salinity Waterflooding