A Critical Review of Works Pertinent to the Einstein-Bohr Debate and Bell’s Theorem

Hess, K.

doi:10.3390/sym14010163

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…C a b and ( ) , C a b′ . This widely unrecognized but crucial fact has recently also been noted by Hess [11] in a review of Bell's theorem and related topics. Hess found that it was also established in a random variables context by Vorobev [12].…”

Section: The Constant In Bell's Inequality In Three Variablesmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Bell Inequality, Inviolable by Data Used Consistently with Its Derivation, Is Satisfied by Quantum Correlations Whose Probabilities Satisfy the Wigner Inequality

Sica¹

2023

JMP

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It is not generally known that the inequality that Bell derived using three random variables must be identically satisfied by any three corresponding data sets of ±1's that are writable on paper. This surprising fact is not immediately obvious from Bell's inequality derivation based on causal random variables, but follows immediately if the same mathematical operations are applied to finite data sets. For laboratory data, the inequality is identically satisfied as a fact of pure algebra, and its satisfaction is independent of whether the processes generating the data are local, non-local, deterministic, random, or nonsensical. It follows that if predicted correlations violate the inequality, they represent no three cross-correlated data sets that can exist, or can be generated from valid probability models. Reported data that violate the inequality consist of probabilistically independent data-pairs and are thus inconsistent with inequality derivation. In the case of random variables as Bell assumed, the correlations in the inequality may be expressed in terms of the probabilities that give rise to them. A new inequality is then produced: The Wigner inequality, that must be satisfied by quantum mechanical probabilities in the case of Bell experiments. If that were not the case, predicted quantum probabilities and correlations would be inconsistent with basic algebra.

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Section: The Constant In Bell's Inequality In Three Variablesmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Bell Inequality, Inviolable by Data Used Consistently with Its Derivation, Is Satisfied by Quantum Correlations Whose Probabilities Satisfy the Wigner Inequality

Sica¹

2023

JMP

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“…Similarly the parameters describing specific laser pulses or microwaves rotating qubits in distant locations, in various Bell tests, should also be related due to the rotational invariance. Several arguments against quantum nonlocality and in favor of rotational invariance were reviewed recently by Karl Hess [ 97 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Nonlocality: How Does Nature Do It?

Kupczynski

2024

Entropy

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In his article in Science, Nicolas Gisin claimed that quantum correlations emerge from outside space–time. We explainthat they are due to space-time symmetries. This paper is a critical review of metaphysical conclusions found in many recent articles. It advocates the importance of contextuality, Einstein -causality and global symmetries. Bell tests allow only rejecting probabilistic coupling provided by a local hidden variable model, but they do not justify metaphysical speculations about quantum nonlocality and objects which know about each other’s state, even when separated by large distances. The violation of Bell inequalities in physics and in cognitive science can be explained using the notion of Bohr- contextuality. If contextual variables, describing varying experimental contexts, are correctly incorporated into a probabilistic model, then the Bell–CHSH inequalities cannot be proven and nonlocal correlations may be explained in an intuitive way. We also elucidate the meaning of statistical independence assumption incorrectly called free choice, measurement independence or no- conspiracy. Since correlation does not imply causation, the violation of statistical independence should be called contextuality; it does not restrict the experimenter’s freedom of choice. Therefore, contrary to what is believed, closing the freedom-of choice loophole does not close the contextuality loophole.

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“…The negative impact on determinism seems clear. However, the non-deterministic, statistical nature of phenomena was so philosophically difficult to digest that Albert Einstein himself rejected itand tried in vain to undermine its foundations [16].…”

Section: Nature Is Not Deterministicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teaching about non-deterministic physics: an almost forgotten fundamental contribution of Marie Curie

Margaritondo

2024

Eur. J. Phys.

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The first historical steps of radioactivity research offer an excellent opportunity to teach a key concept of modern physics: non-deterministic phenomena. However, this opportunity is often wasted because of historical misconceptions and of the irrational fear of radioactive effects. We propose here a lecturing strategy - primarily for undergraduate students - based on interesting historical facts. In particular, on a key conceptual contribution by Marie Curie, an attractive figure for the young women and men of today. Paradoxically, this milestone is almost unknown, whereas it should contribute to her immortal fame -- perhaps as much as the discovery of radium.

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A Critical Review of Works Pertinent to the Einstein-Bohr Debate and Bell’s Theorem

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

The Bell Inequality, Inviolable by Data Used Consistently with Its Derivation, Is Satisfied by Quantum Correlations Whose Probabilities Satisfy the Wigner Inequality

The Bell Inequality, Inviolable by Data Used Consistently with Its Derivation, Is Satisfied by Quantum Correlations Whose Probabilities Satisfy the Wigner Inequality

Quantum Nonlocality: How Does Nature Do It?

Teaching about non-deterministic physics: an almost forgotten fundamental contribution of Marie Curie

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