A lack of knowledge about antimony (Sb) isotope fractionation
mechanisms
in key geochemical processes has limited its environmental applications
as a tracer. Naturally widespread iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxides play a
key role in Sb migration due to strong adsorption, but the behavior
and mechanisms of Sb isotopic fractionation on Fe (oxyhydr)oxides
are still unclear. Here, we investigate the adsorption mechanisms
of Sb on ferrihydrite (Fh), goethite (Goe), and hematite (Hem) using
extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and show that inner-sphere
complexation of Sb species with Fe (oxyhydr)oxides occurs independent
of pH and surface coverage. Lighter Sb isotopes are preferentially
enriched on Fe (oxyhydr)oxides due to isotopic equilibrium fractionation,
with neither surface coverage nor pH influencing the degree of fractionation
(Δ123Sbaqueous‑adsorbed). Limited
Fe atoms are present in the second shell of Hem and Goe, resulting
in weaker surface complexes and leading to greater Sb isotopic fractionation
than with Fh (Δ123Sbaqueous‑adsorbed of 0.49 ± 0.004, 1.12 ± 0.006, and 1.14 ± 0.05‰
for Fh, Hem, and Goe, respectively). These results improve the understanding
of the mechanism of Sb adsorption by Fe (oxyhydr)oxides and further
clarify the Sb isotope fractionation mechanism, providing an essential
basis for future application of Sb isotopes in source and process
tracing.