A critical review on available models to predict engine fuel properties of biodiesel

Tungsten oxide supported on copper ferrite: a novel magnetic acid heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from low quality feedstock

“… 55 The flash point (FP) is another essential fuel property which is an indirect measure of fuel volatility. 56 The FP measure of biodiesel reached 155 °C, indicating security for storage and portability. The cold filter plugging point (CFPP) is a parameter used to determine the minimum temperature at which fuel filters clog in automotive engines due to partial solidification of fuel.…”

Opportunities and challenges for the application of biodiesel as automotive fuel in the 21st century

“…Composition-based correlations involving weight percentage of FA are highly accurate to estimate heating value. 104 The HV of a biodiesel is inferior is the Wt% of each FA in the sample for every examined property (1 = C12:0, 2 = C14:0, 3 = C16:0, 4 = C18:0, 5 = C16:1, 6 = C18:1, 7 = C18:2), 8 = C18:3)…”

“…Different empirical correlations are developed to predict the HV of biodiesel, which are presented in Table 8. Composition‐based correlations involving weight percentage of FA are highly accurate to estimate heating value 104 . The HV of a biodiesel is inferior to diesel fuel, which is one of the drawbacks of biodiesel 105 .…”

The role of antioxidants in improving biodiesel's oxidative stability, poor cold flow properties, and the effects of the duo on engine performance: A review

“…Sadly, oxidation stability and poor cold flow properties of biodiesel are two concurrent barriers that retarded broader patronage and mass commercialization of biodiesel despite its growing demand, and still, these problems are yet to be adequately dealt with. Although many researchers published review papers on biodiesel oxidative stability [ 9 ], techniques to improve biodiesels’ oxidative stability [ 10 ], factors affecting oxidation, including some techniques to improve the stability and cold flow [ 11 ], and the effects of antioxidants on the stability of biodiesel, performance, and emission of the engine were also reviewed [ 12 ]. Surprisingly, despite many available reviews in the literature, a combined discussion on the impacts of antioxidants on oxidative stability, poor cold flow properties of biodiesel, and their effects on the engine system fell short of reporting.…”

“…Also, the fatty acid esters and their composition vary based on the feedstocks' sources, as shown in Table 2 . The variations in biodiesel composition have direct consequences on fuel quality, engine performance, and exhaust emissions [ 11 ]. The Feedstocks containing a very high quantity of SFAs displayed higher oxidative stability than those made up of too much monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).…”