A critical review on halogen-free ionic liquids as potential metalworking fluid additives

Bambam, Arun Kumar; Dhanola, Anil; Gajrani, Kishor Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121727

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 294 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that conventional MWFs are not readily biodegradable and have been reported as one of the most prevalent harmful effluents disposed of in the environment [15]. According to the state-of-the-art of MWFs, the most novel and potential green formulations are those based either on water blended with ionic liquids [16,17], eutectic solvents [18], or bio-oils and green emulsifiers [12]. These three trending technologies are effective but still present different challenges in terms of biodegradability, production costs, and usage conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic Water-Based Lubricants with Nopal Cactus Mucilage as Green Metalworking Fluids

Farfan-Cabrera,

Aguilar-Rosas,

Pérez-González

et al. 2024

Lubricants

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Recent green manufacturing demands have boosted the development of new biodegradable lubricants to replace petroleum-based lubricants. In this regard, water-based lubricants have been at the vanguard of recent research for a wide range of industrial applications, including metalworking fluids (MWFs). In this work, we present an experimental investigation on the performance of novel green MWFs based on aqueous nopal mucilage solutions. For this, fully biodegradable solutions with different mucilage concentrations (2.29, 4.58, and 6.85 mg/mL) were evaluated in terms of rheological, tribological, thermal stability, and turning (minimum quantity lubrication) performance and compared to a commercial semisynthetic oil-based MWF (Cimstar 60). Mucilage solutions exhibited viscoelastic shear-thinning behavior, which was enhanced along with mucilage concentration. The solution with the highest mucilage content studied resulted in the lowest wear, friction, and temperature in comparison to the other solutions and neat water in extreme pressure four-ball tests and a similar level of lubricity as compared to the commercial MWF in cutting tests. This performance is associated with the enhanced viscosity and elasticity of the solution, as well as the contents of lipids with fatty acids in the mucilage. Overall, the present results reveal the relevance of the viscoelastic behavior of the lubricant, elasticity in particular, in lubrication processes and point to nopal mucilage as an effective green additive to produce innocuous MWFs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic Water-Based Lubricants with Nopal Cactus Mucilage as Green Metalworking Fluids

Farfan-Cabrera,

Aguilar-Rosas,

Pérez-González

et al. 2024

Lubricants

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“…They have properties such as high thermal stability, low melting point, nonflammability, excellent solubility, and electrical conductivity. These characteristics are essential for rendering them excellent candidates as lubricants or lubricant additives. − However, the application of traditional ILs as additives for glycerol is constrained, primarily due to their limited biodegradability, halogen content, and challenges in solubility within glycerol . Based on the above research, Qu et al synthesized a urea-functionalized imidazole-organophosphorus ILs (M-16-EDHPA), investigated and analyzed the compatibility and tribological properties of M-16-EDHP additive in glycerol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Properties and Biotoxicity of Gluconate-Based Ionic Liquids as Glycerol Lubricant Additives

Li,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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With increasing environmental awareness and a growing emphasis on green practices, water-based lubricants have gained significant traction in the lubrication industry. In this study, we incorporated a synthesized environmentally friendly and biodegradable gluconate ionic liquid (ILs), [OMIm][gluconate], into a glycerol. The tribological properties of [OMIm][gluconate] as a water-based lubricant additive were comprehensively investigated. Compared with glycerol, the results of the study showed that the friction coefficient and wear volume of the dispersions were reduced by 38.9% and 97.2%, respectively. In addition, [OMIm][gluconate] has excellent tribological properties, significant antimicrobial properties, and low toxicity to animals. The excellent tribological properties of [OMIm][gluconate] are attributed to the tribologically active element N in the molecular structure of ILs to the surface of the friction pair during the friction process. At the same time, a physicochemical adsorption process occurs at the interface of the additive molecules with the friction pair and a complex tribochemical took place. This process culminates in the formation of a highly durable tribofilm, contributing to the material's exceptional toughness. Furthermore, the outstanding antimicrobial properties can be attributed to certain lipid-soluble carbon chain structures that disrupt the integrity of bacteria, leading to the effective eradication of Escherichia coli.

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“…To address these issues, a series of nonhalogenated ILs, primarily containing phosphorus- and boron-based ions, has been synthesized and developed. ,− In addition to the absence of corrosive halides, boron-based ILs are well-regarded for their ability to reduce wear and friction through the formation of sacrificial tribofilms or lubricating boundary layers, while phosphonium-based ILs show enhanced thermal stability. ,, These nonhalogenated ILs demonstrate promising antiwear and friction-reduction properties, both as neat lubricants − and as additives. , Prior efforts to characterize the properties and tribological performance of these nonhalogenated ILs have employed a range of experimental techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), − nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), , Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), , scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), , and macrotribology tests, , as well as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. , For readers interested in the bulk properties of the studied ILs, we refer to a comprehensive thesis by Rohlmann . Recently, a macroscale tribological test system was developed that allowed studying the tribotronic control of phosphonium orthoborate ILs dispersed in 2-ethylhexyl laurate: 2-EHL, a biodegradable oil, revealing a systematic variation in lubricant film thickness when controlled by an applied electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address these issues, a series of nonhalogenated ILs, primarily containing phosphorus- and boron-based ions, has been synthesized and developed. 18 , 23 − 26 In addition to the absence of corrosive halides, boron-based ILs are well-regarded for their ability to reduce wear and friction through the formation of sacrificial tribofilms or lubricating boundary layers, while phosphonium-based ILs show enhanced thermal stability. 18 , 24 , 27 These nonhalogenated ILs demonstrate promising antiwear and friction-reduction properties, both as neat lubricants 28 − 30 and as additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anion Architecture Controls Structure and Electroresponsivity of Anhalogenous Ionic Liquids in a Sustainable Fluid

Li,

Hammond,

Nelson

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Three nonhalogenated ionic liquids (ILs) dissolved in 2ethylhexyl laurate (2-EHL), a biodegradable oil, are investigated in terms of their bulk and electro-interfacial nanoscale structures using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron reflectivity (NR). The ILs share the same trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium ([P 6,6,6,14 ] + ) cation paired with different anions, bis(mandelato)borate ([BMB] − ), bis(oxalato)borate ([BOB] − ), and bis(salicylato)borate ([BScB] − ). SANS shows a high aspect ratio tubular self-assembly structure characterized by an IL core of alternating cations and anions with a 2-EHL-rich shell or corona in the bulk, the geometry of which depends upon the anion structure and concentration. NR also reveals a solvent-rich interfacial corona layer. Their electro-responsive behavior, pertaining to the structuring and composition of the interfacial layers, is also influenced by the anion identity. [P 6,6,6,14 ][BOB] exhibits distinct electroresponsiveness to applied potentials, suggesting an ion exchange behavior from cation-dominated to anion-rich. Conversely,

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A critical review on halogen-free ionic liquids as potential metalworking fluid additives

Cited by 21 publications

References 294 publications

Viscoelastic Water-Based Lubricants with Nopal Cactus Mucilage as Green Metalworking Fluids

Viscoelastic Water-Based Lubricants with Nopal Cactus Mucilage as Green Metalworking Fluids

Tribological Properties and Biotoxicity of Gluconate-Based Ionic Liquids as Glycerol Lubricant Additives

Anion Architecture Controls Structure and Electroresponsivity of Anhalogenous Ionic Liquids in a Sustainable Fluid

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