A Critical Review on Health Promoting Benefits of Edible Mushrooms through Gut Microbiota

Abstract

Mushrooms have long been used for medicinal and food purposes for over a thousand years, but a complete elucidation of the health-promoting properties of mushrooms through regulating gut microbiota has not yet been fully exploited. Mushrooms comprise a vast, and yet largely untapped, source of powerful new pharmaceutical substances. Mushrooms have been used in health care for treating simple and common diseases, like skin diseases and pandemic diseases like AIDS. This review is aimed at accumulating the health-promoting benefits of edible mushrooms through gut microbiota. Mushrooms are proven to possess anti-allergic, anti-cholesterol, anti-tumor, and anti-cancer properties. Mushrooms are rich in carbohydrates, like chitin, hemicellulose, β and α-glucans, mannans, xylans, and galactans, which make them the right choice for prebiotics. Mushrooms act as a prebiotics to stimulate the growth of gut microbiota, conferring health benefits to the host. In the present review, we have summarized the beneficial activities of various mushrooms on gut microbiota via the inhibition of exogenous pathogens and, thus, improving the host health.

Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extract improves insulin resistance by regulating gut microbiota composition

“…53 On the other hand, long-term administration of Met has potential side effects. 9,11,13,55 Our findings suggest that daily administration of a certain amount of PLPE in our model system confers metabolic benefits to the host. 9,11,13,55 Our findings suggest that daily administration of a certain amount of PLPE in our model system confers metabolic benefits to the host.…”

Connection of Ganoderma Lucidum with Health

“…Polysaccharides from G. lucidum are thought to be the source of prebiotic effects. 99 Li et al investigated the effects of polysaccharides from G. lucidum strain S3 (GLPS3) on intestinal microbiota modulation in mice. GLPS3 altered the diversity of gut microbiota, especially, decreased the relative abundance of bacteroidetes and increased that of Firmictutes.…”

Genoprotective effects of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) polysaccharides in UVB-exposed embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) through coordinated expression of DNA repair genes

“…Recently, many international toxicity researches have utilized zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an in vivo model organism because it possesses several measurable indicators in ecotoxicology, such as small size, high fecundity, well-characterized embryonic ontogenesis, transparent embryos, and rapid development [12]. Besides, zebrafish has more than 70% genome similarity with the humans that render it to effectively model any human disease with high phenotypic similarity and convenience [13]. Zebrafish is an ideal model for assessing DNA damage and its counter mechanisms because zebrafish genomic DNA contains DNA repair genes orthologues that participate in DNA repair mechanisms [12,13], as well as zebrafish DNA is amenable to genetic manipulation using morpholinos, shRNA, or Crisprs to assesses the role of genes during DNA repair response [14].…”

“…Besides, zebrafish has more than 70% genome similarity with the humans that render it to effectively model any human disease with high phenotypic similarity and convenience [13]. Zebrafish is an ideal model for assessing DNA damage and its counter mechanisms because zebrafish genomic DNA contains DNA repair genes orthologues that participate in DNA repair mechanisms [12,13], as well as zebrafish DNA is amenable to genetic manipulation using morpholinos, shRNA, or Crisprs to assesses the role of genes during DNA repair response [14]. Zebrafish has been used as in vivo model organism for testing a plethora of exogenous agents comprising drugs, nanoparticles, organic and inorganic compounds, besides being exposed to different stress environments.…”