A Critical Review on New and Efficient 2D Materials for Catalysis

Abstract

by molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), boron nitride (BN), and part of alloy nanosheets are two-element 2D materials; and transition metal carbide and nitride (MXene) are multielement 2D materials. [6][7][8][9] Graphene is widely used in catalysis due to its unique electronic structure. Its main applications include electrocatalysis, [10,11] photocatalysis, [12] and thermocatalysis. [13] Due to the lack of sufficient energy gap in natural graphene, the electron transfer efficiency is very low. [14] There are many ways to improve the catalytic performance of graphene, such as dislocations, vacancies, edges, impurities, and functional groups that interfere with the graphene structure. [6,15] Due to its unique physicochemical properties and broad application prospects, 2D element metal nanosheets (such as Ru, Bi, Rh, Pd, and Cu) have gradually attracted the attention of researchers. [16][17][18][19][20] The thickness of a single metal atom or several metal atoms makes them have ultrahigh specific surface area and relatively high surface energy, and the abundant surface metal active sites make them have a wide range of applications in the field of catalysis. For example, Ru NSs and their derived Ru oxides exhibit excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities, respectively. [16] Bi (001) porous nanosheets exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in the reduction of CO 2 to formate. [17] Single-crystal Rh nanosheets exhibit extremely high catalytic activity in hydrogenation reactions. [18] On this basis, 2D alloy nanosheets (such as PdAg, PdAu, AuAg, PtCu, etc.) have made substantial progress in the field of catalysis in recent years. [18] Compared with 2D element metal nanosheets, 2D alloy nanosheets not only inherit the advantages of ultrahigh specific surface area and inherent properties of 2D metals, but also the synergistic effect between different elements also promotes some catalytic reactions to a certain extent. TMDCs are widely used in heterogeneous catalysis due to their unique mechanical structure and electronic properties. The layered structure of TMDCs gives them highly anisotropic properties, extremely high specific surface area, the possibility of intercalating different species between the layers, and stability as ultrathin as thin as three atomic layers thick. [21] Structural cutting, defect engineering, chemical modification, and combination with other layered materials with complementary functions can effectively improve the catalytic activity of TMDCs. [22] For example, electrochemical tests on MoS 2 triangular clustersThe unique structure and properties of graphene make it have excellent performance in the field of catalysis. It can be modified in various ways to improve its catalytic ability. Notably, other 2D materials with similar properties to graphene (black phosphorus (BP), 2D transition metal dichalcogenides represented by molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), boron nitride (BN), and transiti...

Moiré Superlattice Structure in Two‐Dimensional Catalysts: Synthesis, Property and Activity

“…[65] It is obvious that the periodicity of both rotational moiré superlattice and translational moiré superlattice is different from the original composed layered materials, resulting in modulated band structure as well as other physical and chemical properties [66,67] Moiré superlattice is widespread in 2D layered materials in principle. Currently, many typical 2D layered materials with moiré superlattice structure have been reported, like graphene and silicene [38,39,42,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75] These researches focused the study on the changes of condensed matter physical properties induced by moiré superlattice structure, such as the appearance of van Hove singularities and the flat band as well as the Mott-like insulating behavior and the unconventional superconductivity [76] Due to the large specific surface area and large number of surface-exposed atoms, 2D layered materials are widely employed in catalytic reactions and present excellent catalytic performance [77][78][79] However, fewer investigations focused on the excellent catalytic performance caused by moiré superlattice structure in 2D layered materials. This perspective analyses recent achievements of 2D layered catalysts with moiré superlattice structure and can assist to deeply revealing the relationships between phenomenon and essence of 2D layered materials.…”

Ab initio investigation of tunable CO2 reduction reaction on the two dimensional ferroelectric Y2CO2

“…[23][24][25][26][27] Two dimensional (2D) materials are also attractive as photocatalysts owing to their increased surface area and active sites, short bulk to surface distance which prevents charge carrier recombination, and tunable band gaps. 28,29 In particular, the family of 2D MXenes has recently gained attention as a possible family for use as CO 2 RR catalysts. [30][31][32][33] MXenes are carbides and nitrides consisting of layers of C or N (X) atoms sandwiched between layers of metal atoms (M).…”

Surface functionalization of graphene-like boron arsenide monolayer: a first-principles study

“…Such that a large variety of 2D materials have been in the spotlight, including monoelementals (silicene [11], germanene [12], stanene [13], phosphorene [14,15], arsenene [16], and antimonene [17], and so on) and compounds (II-VI groups [18,19], III-V groups [20,21], IV-IV groups [22,23], IV-V groups [24,25], and MXenes [26,27], and so on). So far, 2D materials have been widely explored as promising candidates for diverse applications as spintronics [28,29], optoelectronics and photonics [30,31], catalysis [32,33], energy storage [34,35], and gas sensing [36,37], among others, due to their intriguing physical, chemical, and mechanical properties [38,39].…”