A critical review on production of biopolymers from algae biomass and their applications

Kartik, Ashokkumar; Akhil, Dilipkumar; Lakshmi, D. Vidhya; Gopinath, Kannappan Panchamoorthy; Arun, Jayaseelan; Sivaramakrishnan, Ramachandran; Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124868

Cited by 141 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…However, the diversity of the polysaccharides is huge, and it is difficult to predict the composition and relate it to the chemical properties. Due to this diversity of structures and compositions, there is limited knowledge of the rheological properties and potential applications for foods [ 42 ]. In addition to these biopolymers, resistant polymers can be present in some species (e.g., Haematococcus pluvialis , Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Nannochloropsis sp.).…”

Section: Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals From Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals from Microalgae: Main Product Classes and Biotechnological Production

Kratzer

Murkovic

2021

Foods

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Microalgal products are an emerging class of food, feed, and nutraceuticals. They include dewatered or dried biomass, isolated pigments, and extracted fat. The oil, protein, and antioxidant-rich microalgal biomass is used as a feed and food supplement formulated as pastes, powders, tablets, capsules, or flakes designed for daily use. Pigments such as astaxanthin (red), lutein (yellow), chlorophyll (green), or phycocyanin (bright blue) are natural food dyes used as isolated pigments or pigment-rich biomass. Algal fat extracted from certain marine microalgae represents a vegetarian source of n-3-fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA)). Gaining an overview of the production of microalgal products is a time-consuming task. Here, requirements and options of microalgae cultivation are summarized in a concise manner, including light and nutrient requirements, growth conditions, and cultivation systems. The rentability of microalgal products remains the major obstacle in industrial application. Key challenges are the high costs of commercial-scale cultivation, harvesting (and dewatering), and product quality assurance (toxin analysis). High-value food ingredients are commonly regarded as profitable despite significant capital expenditures and energy inputs. Improvements in capital and operational costs shall enable economic production of low-value food products going down to fishmeal replacement in the future economy.

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Section: Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals From Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals from Microalgae: Main Product Classes and Biotechnological Production

Kratzer

Murkovic

2021

Foods

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“…Researches focused on optimization of blending composition (table 2), with the use of additives, together with microalgae biomass, to reach biomaterials with higher quality than conventional plastics (Rai et al, 2021;Zeller et al, 2013). One alternative route is the intracellular accumulation of biomolecules, such as PHA, PHB and starch, and its subsequent extraction (Kartik et al, 2021). the PHA synthesis in microalgae metabolism occurs naturally, however, media conditioning with nutrient deficiency, such as phosphate and nitrogen depletion, can increase drastically its concentration.…”

Section: -10mentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2G and 3G bioplastics: an overview

Vandenberghe¹,

Oliveira²,

Bittencourt³

et al. 2021

Biotechnology Research and Innovation

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“…The approaches established here could be applied to many algal strains with a variable content of cellulose, where the cell wall network hinders the efficient access and extraction of molecules for the production of biofuels, biopolymers, bioplastics, antioxidants, and decontaminants. 74 − 76 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Quantification of Glycans in Whole Cells: Architecture of Microalgal Polysaccharides Described by Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

et al. 2021

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Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms widely distributed in nature and serve as a sustainable source of bioproducts. Their carbohydrate components are also promising candidates for bioenergy production and bioremediation, but the structural characterization of these heterogeneous polymers in cells remains a formidable problem. Here we present a widely applicable protocol for identifying and quantifying the glycan content using magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy, with validation from glycosyl linkage and composition analysis deduced from mass-spectrometry (MS). Two-dimensional 13C–13C correlation ssNMR spectra of a uniformly 13C-labeled green microalga Parachlorella beijerinckii reveal that starch is the most abundant polysaccharide in a naturally cellulose-deficient strain, and this polymer adopts a well-organized and highly rigid structure in the cell. Some xyloses are present in both the mobile and rigid domains of the cell wall, with their chemical shifts partially aligned with the flat-ribbon 2-fold xylan identified in plants. Surprisingly, most other carbohydrates are largely mobile, regardless of their distribution in glycolipids or cell walls. These structural insights correlate with the high digestibility of this cellulose-deficient strain, and the in-cell ssNMR methods will facilitate the investigations of other economically important algae species.

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A critical review on production of biopolymers from algae biomass and their applications

Cited by 141 publications

References 105 publications

Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals from Microalgae: Main Product Classes and Biotechnological Production

Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals from Microalgae: Main Product Classes and Biotechnological Production

The 2G and 3G bioplastics: an overview

Identification and Quantification of Glycans in Whole Cells: Architecture of Microalgal Polysaccharides Described by Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

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