A critical review on soil ionisation modelling for grounding electrodes

Mokhtari, Mehrdad; Abdul‐Malek, Zulkurnain; Gharehpetian, Gevork B.

doi:10.1515/aee-2016-0033

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Other parameters may also influence the grid performance. It is well known that soil behaves differently when subjected to large transient currents such as having ionization phenomenon within the soil grains [22][23][24][25][26]. The effects of soil ionization were not however modelled when the design is based on AC 50 Hz frequency or even short circuit current.…”

Section: The Effects Of Grid Conductor Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lightning impulse front time on substation grounding system performance

Adnan

Malek

Din³

et al. 2020

IJEECS

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<table width="593" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="387"><p>The role of the grounding system in the safety of the power system and protection of personnel is obvious during an unexpected short circuit or lightning discharge at the substation. The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of several parameters: lightning impulse front time, soil resistivity and types of grid materials on the grounding system of the Substation. The ground potential rise (GPR), touch voltage and step voltage of a 50 m x 60 m grounding grid buried at a depth of 0.5 m were computed using CDEGS when injected by impulse with different front times. Results show that the shorter the front time of lightning impulse waveform, the higher the value of GPR, touch voltage and step voltage. Meanwhile, when the value of soil resistivity is increased, the value of GPR, touch voltage and step voltage is also increased. Lastly, different types of grid conductor materials give different values of GPR, touch voltage and step voltage. However, it can be said that the differences are too small to be of any significance.</p><p> </p></td></tr></tbody></table>

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Section: The Effects Of Grid Conductor Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lightning impulse front time on substation grounding system performance

Adnan

Malek

Din³

et al. 2020

IJEECS

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“…Many studies have been done previously to improve the circuit-based model where some of the parameters have been considered, such as the integration of soil ionization effect, current rate of rise, mutual coupling, frequency influence, and others for all types of grounding electrode [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. However, the study regarding the influence of frequency dependent of soil parameters is still not covered entirely since there is only one study for each horizontal and vertical grounding electrode, and under lightning current only for the input signal, and the results is not sufficient since it used the equivalent frequency [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circuit-based grounding electrode considering frequency dependence for different input current

Othman

Abdul‐Malek

2020

IJEECS

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<p>This paper presents a simulation work of circuit-based grounding electrode considering frequency dependence of soil parameters for three input currents which are impulse, AC 50 Hz, and DC. The circuit parameters were determined by using Dwight and Sunde equations where a single horizontal grounding electrode was considered. Scott model was used for the frequency dependent model, to determine the frequency dependent soil resistivity and relative permittivity. It is found that the voltage response of the impulse current was highly affected (75.2%) by the frequency compared to the voltage response of AC 50 Hz and DC. The impulse current response also gave the lowest peak in the analysis by the influence of frequency which make it better compared to the two other inputs. Therefore, it can be concluded that the frequency dependent of soil parameters is crucial and need to be considered in the transient analysis for any kind of input current to obtain accurate results.</p>

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“…7,8,14 This has resulted in inferior performance of those models in terms of voltage response accuracy. 15 To improve the accuracy of the voltage response, a new soil ionization model is proposed for grounding electrodes. In this new model, the energy balance concept is introduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new soil ionization model for grounding electrodes

Mokhtari

Abdul‐Malek

Gharehpetian

2016

Int. Trans. Electr. Energ. Syst.

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Summary This paper proposes a new model of soil ionization, in the form of an equivalent circuit containing capacitive and resistive elements representing a network of soil particles and air voids. In previously published models, the effect of soil ionization is only indirectly considered by changing the soil resistivity and the electrode radius. This has resulted in inferior performance of those models in terms of voltage response accuracy. In this work, the energy balance concept was applied to compute the arc resistance. The soil structure is modeled by using two‐layer capacitor elements. The soil ionization process is incorporated inside the two‐layer capacitor elements using specially derived differential equations. Unlike previous models, a discrete form of soil ionization is used. The accuracy of the proposed equivalent circuit model was confirmed by the small differences between the computed and experimental results.

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A critical review on soil ionisation modelling for grounding electrodes

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of lightning impulse front time on substation grounding system performance

Effects of lightning impulse front time on substation grounding system performance

Circuit-based grounding electrode considering frequency dependence for different input current

A new soil ionization model for grounding electrodes

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