A Critical Review on the Electromigration Effect, the Electroplastic Effect, and Perspectives on the Effects of Electric Current Upon Alloy Phase Stability

Liu, Yu‐chen; Lin, Shih‐kang

doi:10.1007/s11837-019-03661-y

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The density shifts Δ n even and Δ n odd show the even and odd symmetry about the x = 0 midplane, respectively, that is expected for Joule heating ∝ J 2 and an electron-wind force ∝ J . , Moreover, some details corroborate our expectations for the underlying physics. The temperature profile is peaked in the center, away from the thermal sinks provided by the contacts, and can be approximated with a parabola or cosine (eq S6).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 81%

Visualizing the Electron Wind Force in the Elastic Regime

et al. 2021

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With continued scaling toward higher component densities, integrated circuits (ICs) contain ever greater lengths of nanowire that are vulnerable to failure via electromigration. Previously, plastic electromigration driven by the “electron wind” has been observed, but not the elastic response to the wind force itself. Here we describe mapping, via electron energy-loss spectroscopy, the density of a lithographically defined aluminum nanowire with sufficient precision to determine both its temperature and its internal pressure. An electrical current density of 108 A/cm2 produces Joule heating, tension upwind, and compression downwind. Surprisingly, the pressure returns to its ambient value well inside the wire, where the current density is still high. This spatial discrepancy points to physics that are not captured by a classical “wind force” model and to new opportunities for optimizing electromigration-resistant IC design.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 81%

Visualizing the Electron Wind Force in the Elastic Regime

et al. 2021

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“…The main reason for the failure of the above calculations is the deviation of the properties of liquid metals from the Drude-Sommerfeld model (17) and from Equation (1). Further development of the theory consists of taking into account deviations from this model.…”

Section: Or Peer Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The theory and practice of electromigration have been discussed in monographs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Reviews of the experiment and theory of electromigration in liquid metals have been published in [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Significant contributions to the mathematical theory of the electromigration were given by V.B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Electrical Conductivity and Electromigration in Liquid Metals

Belashchenko

2023

Dynamics

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The phenomena of electrical conductivity and electromigration in metallic systems are related, since in both cases the basic physical process is the scattering of conduction electrons by metal ions. Numerous searches have been made for equations connecting the conductivity with electromigration. In the case of a liquid metal, when using the Drude–Sommerfeld (DS) conductivity equation, it was not possible to obtain a quantitative relationship between these phenomena, which would be correct. Attempts to find such a relationship when taking into account the N. Mott correction (g-factor) in the DS equation were unsuccessful. This article proposes a different correction (b-factor) to the DS equation, which takes into account the possibility of varying the momentum transferred by the conduction electron to a metal ion during the scattering. This correction allows to establish a quantitative relationship between conductivity and electromigration as well as between electromigration in various binary systems with common components, in agreement with the experiment. The proposed theory describes well, in particular, two- and multi-component metal systems of any concentration (the consistency rule for triangles A–B, B–C, C–A). The value of the b-factor smoothly changes depending on the heat of vaporization of the metal, per unit volume.

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“…Кроме механических воздействий, существенное влияние на дефекты внутренней структуры металлов и сплавов могут оказывать тепловые электрические и магнитные поля (электропластические [1,2], магнитопластические эффекты [3,4], лазерные методы обработки материалов [5] и т. д.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Влияние Внешних Воздействий На Ползучесть Алюминиевых Сплавов С Микроскопическими Включениями При Комнатных Температурах

Friha¹,

Пшонкин²,

Скворцов³

et al. 2023

Физика Твердого Тела

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It is devoted to the experimental study of the creep of an aluminum alloy containing microscopic inclusions. It was found that preliminary electric ignition (j<3· 106 A/m2) of the material leads to an increase in the creep of the samples. The reasons for the observed changes are associated by the authors with the formation of local areas of high mechanical stresses near the interface of the inclusion - matrix interface. The assessment of the level of emerging local thermoelastic stresses in aluminum deltaT ~ 35 MPa, as well as the characteristic size of such areas (~ 2 µm). The observed increase in creep is determined by the resultant effect of residual stresses and stresses of thermal nature, which contributes to the creation of additional local sources of deformation in the interfacial regions. Local stress concentrators lead to a local increase in the number of mobile dislocations, which is the main reason for the change in the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy under consideration with microscopic inclusions.

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A Critical Review on the Electromigration Effect, the Electroplastic Effect, and Perspectives on the Effects of Electric Current Upon Alloy Phase Stability

Cited by 15 publications

References 122 publications

Visualizing the Electron Wind Force in the Elastic Regime

Visualizing the Electron Wind Force in the Elastic Regime

The Relationship between Electrical Conductivity and Electromigration in Liquid Metals

Влияние Внешних Воздействий На Ползучесть Алюминиевых Сплавов С Микроскопическими Включениями При Комнатных Температурах

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