A critical review on the effects of antibiotics on anammox process in wastewater

Abstract

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has recently become of significant interest due to its capability for cost-effective nitrogen elimination from wastewater. However, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) are sensitive to environmental changes and toxic substances. In particular, the presence of antibiotics in wastewater, which is considered unfavorable to the anammox process, has become a growing concern. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of these inhibitors to acquire information on the applicability of the anammox process. Hence, this review summarizes our knowledge of the effects of commonly detected antibiotics in water matrices, including fluoroquinolone, macrolide, β-lactam, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulfonamide, glycopeptide, and aminoglycoside, on the anammox process. According to the literature, the presence of antibiotics in wastewater could partially or completely inhibit anammox reactions, in which antibiotics targeting protein synthesis or DNA replication (excluding aminoglycoside) were the most effective against the AnAOB strains.

Why Should Children Become Familiar with Nature

“…The fi rst warning of today's lifestyle changes on children may be sought in the latest statistics published by the world health organization: Iran is one of the seven countries with high child obesity rates. In addition, the study on more than 30,000 Iranian children shows that the prevalence of obesity and obesity among Iranian children is about 27.9% and 22.3% compared to international standards, respectively, and these fi gures are of contemplation [15][16][17][18]. According to several scientifi c researches, it can be stated clearly that one of the most important causes of obesity in sedentary children is lifestyle changes and moving away from natural environments [19].…”

Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microbial Response of Anammox Under Multiantibiotic Stress: Effect of Static Magnetic Field

“…The response of different bacteria to antibiotics varied due to the cellular structure, metabolic characteristics, and resistance mechanisms. For instance, the anammox bacteria have a rather complex cell structure composed of three membrane systems, creating a highly impermeable membrane in comparison with other prokaryotes, which would prevent antibiotics from entering cells . Additionally, the effects of antibiotics on the anammox process depend on the antibiotic concentration and type.…”

“…Additionally, the effects of antibiotics on the anammox process depend on the antibiotic concentration and type. Indeed, the mechanism responsible for anammox inhibition by tetracycline antibiotics is proposed to be cell membrane damage, while that of sulfonamide antibiotics is interference with cellular purine metabolism via inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. , Various antibiotics often coexist in the wastewater, especially for the livestock and mariculture wastewater. , Compared with the effects of a single antibiotic on biological processes, greater effects are induced by multiple antibiotics. For example, the combination of erythromycin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole was more toxic to syntrophic bacteria in an anaerobic bioreactor than a single antibiotic .…”

“…For instance, the anammox bacteria have a rather complex cell structure composed of three membrane systems, creating a highly impermeable membrane in comparison with other prokaryotes, which would prevent antibiotics from entering cells. 12 Additionally, the effects of antibiotics on the anammox process depend on the antibiotic concentration and type. Indeed, the mechanism responsible for anammox inhibition by tetracycline antibiotics is proposed to be cell membrane damage, while that of sulfonamide antibiotics is interference with cellular purine metabolism via inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis.…”

“…Indeed, the mechanism responsible for anammox inhibition by tetracycline antibiotics is proposed to be cell membrane damage, while that of sulfonamide antibiotics is interference with cellular purine metabolism via inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. 12,13 Various antibiotics often coexist in the wastewater, especially for the livestock and mariculture wastewater. 14,15 Compared with the effects of a single antibiotic on biological processes, greater effects are induced by multiple antibiotics.…”