A critical review on the simulation of ultra-short pulse laser-metal interactions based on a two-temperature model (TTM)

Song, Shijie; Lu, Qinghua; Zhang, Peilei; Yan, Hua; Shi, Haichuan; Yu, Zhishui; Sun, Tianzhu; Luo, Zhaohui; Tian, Yingtao

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.109001

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…However, during the scanning process under the conditions with

J/cm

, and

, the effective number of laser pulses per irradiation spot is

. It is thus expected that the LIPSS are deepening by the successive laser pulses [ 49 ] due to, for example, a resonant coupling and/or laser light scattering on the periodic surface relief.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Regular LIPSS on Thin Molybdenum Films: Optimization and Generic Criteria

et al. 2023

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A systematic experimental study was performed to determine laser irradiation conditions for the large-area fabrication of highly regular laser-induced periodic surface structures (HR-LIPSS) on a 220 nm thick Mo film deposited on fused silica. The LIPSS were fabricated by scanning a linearly polarized, spatially Gaussian laser beam at 1030 nm wavelength and 1.4 ps pulse duration over the sample surface at 1 kHz repetition rate. Scanning electron microscope images of the produced structures were analyzed using the criterion of the dispersion of the LIPSS orientation angle (DLOA). Favorable conditions, in terms of laser fluence and beam scanning overlaps, were identified for achieving DLOA values <10∘. To gain insight into the material behavior under these irradiation conditions, a theoretical analysis of the film heating was performed, and surface plasmon polariton excitation is discussed. A possible effect of the film dewetting from the dielectric substrate is deliberated.

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“…However, during the scanning process under the conditions with

J/cm

, and

, the effective number of laser pulses per irradiation spot is

. It is thus expected that the LIPSS are deepening by the successive laser pulses [ 49 ] due to, for example, a resonant coupling and/or laser light scattering on the periodic surface relief.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Regular LIPSS on Thin Molybdenum Films: Optimization and Generic Criteria

et al. 2023

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“…In case of metallic target, one of the simplest and most popular approach in describing thermal energy transfer in fs-PLA is through two-temperature model (TTM). TTM describes fs-PLA via thermal energy transfer from electron system to lattice system [8][9][10] and is based on the heat diffusion within the metal after absorbing energy from the fs laser pulse [11,12]. TTM is sufficient enough to describe the crater formed in the ablation process [8,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TTM describes fs-PLA via thermal energy transfer from electron system to lattice system [8][9][10] and is based on the heat diffusion within the metal after absorbing energy from the fs laser pulse [11,12]. TTM is sufficient enough to describe the crater formed in the ablation process [8,13,14]. Ablation is usually achieved when the combined energy of electron and lattice systems exceeds the energy needed for the metal to vaporize [10,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where C is the heat capacity, G is the electron-phonon coupling factor, T is the temperature, k is the thermal conductivity, and S is the laser source term. The subscripts e and l corresponds to electron and lattice respectively [8,9,16]. Proper implementation of TTM requires the use of accurate optical and thermal properties of the material [8,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling thermal energy transfer in a femtosecond pulsed laser ablation of metal using a coupled spring-mass oscillator

Sagisi,

Casero,

Floro

et al. 2024

Phys. Scr.

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Femtosecond pulsed laser ablation (fs-PLA) is an interesting but complicated field of study especially for undergraduate students entering the field. Hence, a bridging concept using classical and mechanical analog will be helpful. In this paper, we modelled the thermal energy transfer between electron and lattice system in a fs-PLA of metal described by two temperature model (TTM) using a coupled spring-mass oscillator. This was achieved by providing correspondence of TTM parameters to the coupled spring-mass oscillator, with temperature as position, electron thermal conductivity as coefficient of friction, electron-phonon coupling factor as spring term, electron/lattice heat capacity as the mass $m_1$/$m_2$ respectively, and laser source term as the driving force. The thermophysical properties considered are temperature dependent leading to position dependent parameters of coupled spring-mass oscillator. Results showed that the coupled spring-mass oscillator exhibit many behavior similar to the TTM. Additionally, maximum positions achieved by $m_2$ behave similarly with maximum lattice temperature after achieving certain threshold value. However, many features of TTM such as spatial dependence and crater formation are not observed in the coupled spring-mass oscillator. Despite its limitation, the coupled spring-mass oscillator model was able to represent many features of the thermal energy transfer of fs-PLA, and could be an easy and useful model in understanding fs-PLA.

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“…At present, there are many reports about the influence of microstructure on the surface properties of materials by ultra-short or long pulse laser manufacturing [22,23], or the influence of power density on surface morphology and performance. In fact, in studies of laser drilling or laser grooving, due to the effect of the fixed laser focus, there seems to be a threshold for the number of manufacturing, and the effect of the laser on depth seems to be limited when the number of manufacturing is above a certain value [24][25][26], but there are few reports on its research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of nanosecond laser drilling of 316L stainless steel: addition of laser focus and analysis of manufacturing process

Zhao,

Li,

Wang

2023

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

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A two-dimensional model of nanosecond laser drilling 316L stainless steel was established with the consideration of laser focus, which was indeed different from the original two-phase flow model without laser focus, especially in the temperature field, velocity field, surface morphology and hole depth. Simulation and experiment of drilling holes with different laser repetition frequencies (100 kHz, 50 kHz and 20 kHz) were carried out. The results show that manufacturing process could divide into three stages: high-efficiency phase, stabilization stage and low-efficiency phase. Meanwhile, the limited number of pulses at 100 kHz, 50 kHz and 20 kHz were obtained, and the values were approximately 289, 367 and 492, respectively. More, the values at 10 kHz and 200 kHz obtained by modeling were very close to those calculated by the fitted equation. All the research provides theoretical, simulation and experimental basis for designing and optimizing parameters on laser surface manufacturing.

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A critical review on the simulation of ultra-short pulse laser-metal interactions based on a two-temperature model (TTM)

Cited by 30 publications

References 173 publications

Highly Regular LIPSS on Thin Molybdenum Films: Optimization and Generic Criteria

Highly Regular LIPSS on Thin Molybdenum Films: Optimization and Generic Criteria

Modelling thermal energy transfer in a femtosecond pulsed laser ablation of metal using a coupled spring-mass oscillator

Numerical simulation of nanosecond laser drilling of 316L stainless steel: addition of laser focus and analysis of manufacturing process

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