A Critical Review: Recent Advancements in the Use of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology to Enhance Crops and Alleviate Global Food Crises

Rasheed, Adnan; Gill, Rafaqat Ali; Hassan, Muhammad Umair; Mahmood, Athar; Qari, Sameer H.; Zaman, Qamar U.; Ilyas, Muhammad; Aamer, Muhammad; Batool, Maria; Li, Huijie; Wu, Ziming

doi:10.3390/cimb43030135

Cited by 72 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 219 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, researchers at the international crops research institute for the semi-arid tropics (ICRISAT) are currently experimenting with the technique to knock down flowering time and photoreceptor genes correlated with photoperiod sensitivity in pigeons pea ( ICRISAT, 2020 ). 3 Other traits in orphan legumes that can be targeted for improvement using the CRISPR/Cas system include disease resistance, salinity tolerance, biomass yield, grain yield and quality, and nutrient use efficiency ( Rasheed et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Global Research Efforts and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exploitation of Orphan Legumes for Food, Income, and Nutrition Security in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2022

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Poverty, food, and nutrition insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have become major concerns in recent times. The effects of climate change, drought, and unpredictable rainfall patterns threaten food production and sustainable agriculture. More so, insurgency, youth restiveness, and politico-economic instability amidst a burgeoning population requiring a sufficient and healthy diet remain front-burner issues in the region. Overdependence on only a few major staple crops is increasingly promoting the near extinction of many crops, especially orphan legumes, which possess immense potentials as protein and nutritional security crops. The major staple crops are declining in yield partly to their inability to adapt to the continuously changing climatic conditions. Remarkably, the orphan legumes are climate-smart crops with enormous agronomic features which foster sustainable livelihood. Research efforts on these crops have not attained a reasonable comparative status with most commercial crops. Though many research organizations and scientists have made efforts to promote the improvement and utilization of these orphan legumes, there is still more to be done. These legumes’ vast genetic resources and economic utility are grossly under-exploited, but their values and promising impacts are immeasurable. Given the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) of zero hunger, improved nutrition, health, and sustainable agriculture, the need to introduce these crops into food systems in SSA and other poverty-prone regions of the world is now more compelling than ever. This review unveils inherent values in orphan legumes needing focus for exploitation viz-a-viz cultivation, commercialization, and social acceptance. More so, this article discusses some of the nutraceutical potentials of the orphan legumes, their global adaptability, and modern plant breeding strategies that could be deployed to develop superior phenotypes to enrich the landraces. Advanced omics technologies, speed breeding, as well as the application of genome editing techniques, could significantly enhance the genetic improvement of these useful but underutilized legumes. Efforts made in this regard and the challenges of these approaches were also discussed.

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Section: Global Research Efforts and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exploitation of Orphan Legumes for Food, Income, and Nutrition Security in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2022

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“…However, their mutation ratios are low, and the mutation sites are random and unknown. The CRISPR/Cas9 system can easily produce target gene mutation, and has been widely used in plant mutant creation, especially for reverse genetics in revealing target gene function and regulation [6][7][8][9][10]. The Cas9 protein functions as a nuclease and is guided to the target site by the engineered single guide RNA (gRNA) including 20 specific nucleotides of the selected gene to determine the site-specific targeting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reverse genetics can reveal the gene function through the mutation or expression regulation of target gene [1,2]. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated (Cas) system can easily mutate and edit the target gene, and has been widely used in plant sciences and crop improvement [6][7][8][9][10]. The mutants induced by CRISPR/Cas system usually have many heterozygous and bi-allelic mutant lines, which can produce the homozygous mutant plants in their offspring segregation population [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Allele Specific PCR in Identifying Offspring Genotypes of Bi-Allelic SbeIIb Mutant Lines in Rice

Jiang

Ren

Wang

et al. 2022

Plants

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Bi-allelic mutant lines induced by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated (Cas) systems are important genetic materials. It is very important to establish a rapid and cheap method in identifying homozygous mutant plants from offspring segregation populations of bi-allelic mutant lines. In this study, the offspring genotypes of rice bi-allelic starch branching enzyme IIb mutant lines were identified using the allele specific PCR (AS-PCR) method. The target sequences of two alleles were aligned from their 5′ to 3′ ends, and the first different bases were used as the 3′ ends of mismatch primers. Another mismatched base was introduced at the third nucleotide from the 3′ end of mismatch primer. The PCR reaction mixture and amplification program were optimized according to the differences of mutation target sequence and mismatch primers. The offspring plant genotypes of bi-allelic mutant lines could be accurately identified using the amplified DNA fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis. This study could provide a method reference for the rapid screening of homozygous mutant plants from offspring segregation population of heterozygous and bi-allelic mutant lines.

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“…Due to their specificity, SSN-based tools have been widely applied to introduce compositional changes or to produce novel variants with higher resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses [ 72 ]. To date, there are four major SSNs that have been used in genome editing, including engineered homing endonucleases or meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 systems [ 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: A New Era Of Genome Editing Using Sequence-specific Nuclease...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Revolution to Gene Revolution: Technological Advances in Agriculture to Feed the World

Hamdan

Noor

Abd-Aziz

et al. 2022

Plants

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Technological applications in agriculture have evolved substantially to increase crop yields and quality to meet global food demand. Conventional techniques, such as seed saving, selective breeding, and mutation breeding (variation breeding), have dramatically increased crop production, especially during the ‘Green Revolution’ in the 1990s. However, newer issues, such as limited arable lands, climate change, and ever-increasing food demand, pose challenges to agricultural production and threaten food security. In the following ‘Gene Revolution’ era, rapid innovations in the biotechnology field provide alternative strategies to further improve crop yield, quality, and resilience towards biotic and abiotic stresses. These innovations include the introduction of DNA recombinant technology and applications of genome editing techniques, such as transcription activator-like effector (TALEN), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated (CRISPR/Cas) systems. However, the acceptance and future of these modern tools rely on the regulatory frameworks governing their development and production in various countries. Herein, we examine the evolution of technological applications in agriculture, focusing on the motivations for their introduction, technical challenges, possible benefits and concerns, and regulatory frameworks governing genetically engineered product development and production.

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A Critical Review: Recent Advancements in the Use of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology to Enhance Crops and Alleviate Global Food Crises

Cited by 72 publications

References 219 publications

The Exploitation of Orphan Legumes for Food, Income, and Nutrition Security in Sub-Saharan Africa

The Exploitation of Orphan Legumes for Food, Income, and Nutrition Security in Sub-Saharan Africa

Application of Allele Specific PCR in Identifying Offspring Genotypes of Bi-Allelic SbeIIb Mutant Lines in Rice

Green Revolution to Gene Revolution: Technological Advances in Agriculture to Feed the World

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