A cross-country comparison of the building energy consumptions and their trends

Berardi, Umberto

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.03.014

Cited by 480 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The huge gap between definition and method of the BEC would mislead the policy makers by providing conflicting and confusing statistics. In 2010, buildings accounted for 32% of total global final energy use; in the European Union, buildings accounted for about 40% of final energy consumption [20]. However, in China, the total amount of the BEC is still uncertain, and the proportion of the BEC also fluctuates due to different models and methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

China Building Energy Consumption: Definitions and Measures from an Operational Perspective

Wei

2017

Energies

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China building energy consumption (BEC) has been gradually derived and also sparked attention. However, something worth discussing is estimating the BEC based on the definition of life cycle or building operation. In addition, there exists discrepancy in the previous studies and the real status of BEC has not been known well. In order to settle the disputes over the calculation of BEC, this paper establishes an appropriate accounting method of building energy to present the BEC situation in China and lays the foundation for policymakers to develop appropriate energy saving policies. Meanwhile, this study attempts to clarify the BEC to help policymakers assess the effect of environmental policies. Using the method in this document, we find that the energy consumption of buildings just accounts for 15%-16% of the final total energy consumption in China; by contrast, the previous studies usually have double accounting through a top-down approach if central heat supply of buildings was taken into additional consideration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

China Building Energy Consumption: Definitions and Measures from an Operational Perspective

Wei

2017

Energies

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“…Among all energy consumers, buildings are responsible for over 30% of global energy consumption, and are considered one of the largest energy consumers in modern society [2]. A substantial proportion of building energy consumption comes from the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems to enhance indoor thermal comfort [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers have examined regional builiding energy consumptions from different parts of the world, and they have provided valuable information to estimate future sustainable trends [2]. China is the most researched nation for its rising economy and ever-growing energy demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case studies with statistical data and/or real-time measurement in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Changsha, and Hong Kong have been conducted to identify localized energy consumption patterns and corresponding energy-saving strategies [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. A recent study by Berardi [2] conducts a cross-nation comparison of building energy consumption and shows that the total building energy consumptions in BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries has already surpassed those in developed countries, which creates an urgent need to promote building energy efficiency policies in these countries. The study also suggests that appropriate policies coherent with local energy demand patterns are required to achieve substantial building energy reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Consumption Analysis for Concrete Residences—A Baseline Study in Taiwan

2017

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Estimating building energy consumption is difficult because it deals with complex interactions among uncertain weather conditions, occupant behaviors, and building characteristics. To facilitate estimation, this study employs a benchmarking methodology to obtain energy baseline for sample buildings. Utilizing a scientific simulation tool, this study attempts to develop energy consumption baselines of two typical concrete residences in Taiwan, and subsequently allows a simplified energy consumption prediction process at an early design stage of building development. Using weather data of three metropolitan cities as testbeds, annual energy consumption of two types of modern residences are determined through a series of simulation sessions with different building settings. The impacts of key building characteristics, including building insulation, air tightness, orientation, location, and residence type, are carefully investigated. Sample utility bills are then collected to validate the simulated results, resulting in three adjustment parameters for normalization, including 'number of residents', 'total floor area', and 'air conditioning comfort level', for justification of occupant behaviors in different living conditions. Study results not only provide valuable benchmarking data serving as references for performance evaluation of different energy-saving strategies, but also show how effective extended building insulation, enhanced air tightness, and prudent selection of residence location and orientation can be for successful implementation of building sustainability in tropical and subtropical regions.

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“…In a sense, the building energy proportion of the total energy consumption is a barometer of the domestic economy of a country. In 2009, the building sector in China was responsible for 20% of China's total primary energy consumption and 18% of the overall Chinese greenhouse gas emissions [1]. The ratio of permanent urban residents to total population (urbanization rate) of China had reached 56.1% by the end of 2015 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency and Sustainability Evaluation of Space and Water Heating in Urban Residential Buildings of the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone in China

Chen

Wen

2016

Sustainability

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Abstract:With the urbanization process of the hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) zone in China, the energy consumption of space and water heating in urban residential buildings of the HSCW zone has increased rapidly. This study presents the energy efficiency and sustainability evaluation of various ways of space and water heating taking 10 typical cities in the HSCW zone as research cases. Two indicators, primary energy efficiency (PEE) and sustainability index based on exergy efficiency, are adopted to perform the evaluation. Models for the energy and total exergy efficiencies of various space and water heating equipment/systems are developed. The evaluation results indicate that common uses of electricity for space and water heating are the most unsustainable ways of space and water heating. In terms of PEE and sustainability index, air-source heat pumps for space and water heating are suitable for the HSCW zone. The PEE and sustainability index of solar water heaters with auxiliary electric heaters are greatly influenced by local solar resources. Air-source heat pump assisted solar hot water systems are the most sustainable among all water heating equipment/systems investigated in this study. Our works suggest the key potential for improving the energy efficiency and the sustainability of space and water heating in urban residential buildings of the HSCW zone.

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A cross-country comparison of the building energy consumptions and their trends

Cited by 480 publications

References 43 publications

China Building Energy Consumption: Definitions and Measures from an Operational Perspective

China Building Energy Consumption: Definitions and Measures from an Operational Perspective

Energy Consumption Analysis for Concrete Residences—A Baseline Study in Taiwan

Energy Efficiency and Sustainability Evaluation of Space and Water Heating in Urban Residential Buildings of the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone in China

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