A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Motivational Factors in Kenyan and Danish Middle and Long Distance Elite Runners

Elbe, Anne‐Marie; Madsen, Christian Møller; Midtgaard, Julie

doi:10.1080/14330237.2010.10820394

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…One contributing factor was felt to be the goal of some Kenyan athletes to earn money through athletics. Certainly, the motivations of elite Kenyan athletes differ markedly from those of the athletes in this sample, with a number of studies showing that economic success is a primary motivating factor for the elite Kenyan runners (Onywera et al, 2006;Elbe et al, 2010;Wilber and Pitsiladis, 2012). Whether that difference in motivating factors is actually related to an increased doping risk is yet to be fully elucidated.…”

Section: Clean Athletes Can Recognise Causes or Potential Indicators Of Dopingmentioning

confidence: 88%

Racing Clean in a Tainted World: A Qualitative Exploration of the Experiences and Views of Clean British Elite Distance Runners on Doping and Anti-Doping

2021

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Background: Doping has been a prominent issue for the sport of athletics in recent years. The endurance disciplines, which currently account for 56% of the global anti-doping rule violations in athletics, appear to be particularly high risk for doping.Objective: Using this high-risk, high-pressure context, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the human impact of doping and anti-doping on “clean” athletes. The secondary aim of the study was to better understand the reasons for, and barriers to, competing “clean” among this group of athletes.Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 elite distance runners from the UK to explore: (1) the reasons and motivations for competing clean. (2) Perceptions of the anti-doping system, and experiences of being part of that system. (3) Views on the prevalence and causes of doping and the impact of doping on the lives of clean athletes. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis.Results: Four major themes were identified: (1) The participants in this study have not been tempted to use prohibited substances or methods; they compete in their sport for the personal satisfaction of seeing how good they can be, rather than in pursuit of winning at all costs. (2) Anti-doping does not currently prevent doping effectively and is not implemented evenly across the globe. (3) Doping was perceived as a major issue and was felt to be borne out of certain sporting cultures in which doping is enabled. (4) Doping has impacted the careers of clean athletes in irreversible ways and presents a continuing challenge to the psychological preparation for competition.Conclusions: Clean athletes suffer negative consequences from both doping and anti-doping. ADOs must collaborate across borders to ensure a more even implementation of anti-doping activities, to facilitate a more level playing field on the global stage. ADOs must also acknowledge the existence of a large group of athletes who would never consider deliberately doping and make anti-doping work for these athletes too.

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Section: Clean Athletes Can Recognise Causes or Potential Indicators Of Dopingmentioning

confidence: 88%

Racing Clean in a Tainted World: A Qualitative Exploration of the Experiences and Views of Clean British Elite Distance Runners on Doping and Anti-Doping

2021

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“…Interestingly, this finding disagrees with previous findings 19 , 21 , 26 , and different aspects might explain the discrepancy. Methodological differences, including analysis stratification by sex and age groups 22 , 38 , training habits 39 , 40 , and country of residence 41 , can be related to the differences in the findings. Differences between the sexes were shown for marathoners, where women were more motivated about their weight, affiliation, psychological coping, life meaning, and self-esteem but were less driven by competition 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in race history by distance of recreational endurance runners from The NURMI Study (Step 2)

Knechtle,

Tanous,

Thuany

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Few studies were developed to understand the relationship between running characteristics and motivation. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between running event history, running experience, and best race performances in recreational distance runners. We used a web survey to obtain information regarding running experience, racing history, and periodization training routines/exercise habits, including weekly volumes and daily mileage and duration across periods and conditions. Associations between variables were conducted with the Chi-square test (χ2; nominal scale) and Wilcoxon test. Multiple linear regression analysis and multivariate linear regression were performed. Concerning the participants’ motive for exercising, a significant difference was identified between the race distance subgroups (p < 0.001), where 58% of M/UM runners exercised for performance (n = 38) and 64% of HM runners (n = 57) and 57% of 10 km runners (n = 52) exercised for recreational purposes. A significant difference was found in the number of years of running completed without taking a break (p = 0.004), with marathoners/ultramarathoners reporting the most years. Runners competing in different race distances such as 10 km, half-marathon, marathon, and ultra-marathon presented differences in training background and habits according to the distance of preference.

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“…This has resulted in young, particularly East African, runners deserting the traditional career path in which one races primarily on the track through the teens and 20s before moving to road races in the latter part of a career, and instead focussing on road racing from the outset. North American, European, and Australasian runners, who may be less motivated by money (Elbe et al, 2010;Jarvie & Sikes, 2012;Onywera et al, 2006;Wilber & Pitsiladis, 2012), or may have more alternative sources of funding outside of prize money, have largely continued with a more traditional career progression.…”

Section: Athletes' Income Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whose job is it anyway? A qualitative investigation into the influence of agents, race organisers, and sponsors on the risk of doping in elite distance running

Shelley

Thrower

Petróczi

2023

International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics

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Agents, race-organisers, and sponsors have a key influence in shaping the world of elite professional distance running. Yet to date this important but hard-to-reach stakeholder group has been omitted from the global research landscape of doping and anti-doping. The purpose of this study is to address this gap in the literature and explore the systematic contributors to doping in elite long-distance running, along with potential solutions to this issue, from this influential perspective. Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with agents (n = 8) of world-class long-distance runners, major race organisers (n = 3), and sports marketing managers (n = 2) for global brands. The interviews were conducted via the phone, audiorecorded, and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis generated three themes which focused on: 1) The framework of professional distance running and the contextual aspects which may contribute to doping risk; 2) the impact of various recruitment strategies on doping and anti-doping; and 3) the lessons that can be learnt from the participants' firsthand experiences with doping cases and/or managing anti-doping requirements. Reflecting on the sector rather than the sample, the results highlighted that not all commercial stakeholders feel responsible for anti-doping. Collective responsibility from all stakeholders, which is currently borne by some and not others, is necessary to minimise doping in distance running.The challenge is how to convince all stakeholders of their share of responsibility.

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A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Motivational Factors in Kenyan and Danish Middle and Long Distance Elite Runners

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Racing Clean in a Tainted World: A Qualitative Exploration of the Experiences and Views of Clean British Elite Distance Runners on Doping and Anti-Doping

Racing Clean in a Tainted World: A Qualitative Exploration of the Experiences and Views of Clean British Elite Distance Runners on Doping and Anti-Doping

Differences in race history by distance of recreational endurance runners from The NURMI Study (Step 2)

Whose job is it anyway? A qualitative investigation into the influence of agents, race organisers, and sponsors on the risk of doping in elite distance running

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