A Cross-Examination of Female Masculinities and Male Femininities in Mema by Daniel Mengara

Abstract

<p><em>This paper attempts a critical reading of Mema (2003) written by Daniel Mengara. The study draws on insights from language and gender studies, feminism and queer theory to critically cross-examine how female masculinities and male femininities are represented in the novel. It holds the view that gendered identities are socially constructed via speech. This means that language encodes means which overtly mark masculinity or/and femininity. However, it should be noted that neither masculinity nor femininity is an exclusive characteristic of the male or the female sex/gender. In this sense, the role(s) an individual takes on in a given context confers either the masculine or the feminine profile upon him/her. This study concludes that gendered identities as portrayed in Mema are intricate, and that in most cases the portraiture of both sexes counters the expectations of African culture</em><em>.</em></p>

Women’s Empowerment Against Wife-Battery in Daniel Mengara’s Mema.

“…Cornell Empowerment Group (1989) (cited by Lord and Hutchison, 1993:3) asserts that " […] empowerment is being understood [by contemporary African communities] as a process of change". The quest for change will forcefully bring about challenging or dismantling the status quo or the set of established norms or taboos (Allagbé and Allagbé, 2015) or social practices, attitudes, perceptions and relationships as well as the ways they are represented. For instance, domestic violence is one of the problems women have always faced.…”