A cross-layer routing protocol (CLRP) for cognitive radio network

Abstract

Abstract-Routing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) necessitates a cross-layering approach. However, according to [1], CRN routing protocols proposed in literature are partially cross-layer, because the information flow is only from physical layer to network layer, e.g., about channels availabilities. In this work, we introduce a cross-layer routing protocol (CLRP), which considers both the channels that are known to be available at each node, as well as other channels that may be available. The availabilities of the latter channels are considered using a stochastic approach. CLRP computes an end to end path, and feeds the physical layer with information about which channels to sense and which nodes should perform the sensing, such that the expected route quality is enhanced. Simulation results show that CLRP outperforms other cross-layer routing protocols in terms of throughput and stability of the path being setup, and increases the probability of finding an end-to-end path.

Review on cross‐layer design for cognitive ad‐hoc and sensor network

“…In this work [27], authors introduced a cross-layer based routing technique CLRP, which considers that each node is aware of the probability distribution of channel availabilities irrespective of channel sensing activity by the node. Such availabilities of channels are obtained through a stochastic approach.…”

Probabilistic and deterministic path selection in cognitive radio network

“…The authors in [6] proposed a cross‐layer routing protocol (CLRP) for the CRN, presenting the CLRP that considers all channels known to be available at each node. CLRP finds complete paths from source to destination and informs the physical layer at each node which channels need to be sensed.…”

“…TID is the longest time period for which a PU can tolerate interference after it starts transmitting. Therefore, after the CR starts transmitting on a channel, it must have a periodic cycle composed of monitoring and transmission times [6] as shown in Fig. 1.…”

“…At each CR node i , we assume that the channels can be classified into three types based on their availability [6]: (i) channels that are known to be available () because the SU senses these channels periodically and finds them idle; (ii) channels that are known to be unavailable () because the SU sensed those channels and found them busy; and (iii) channels that are not known whether they are available or not because the SU did not sense them (). Those channels will be available with certain probability.…”

“…The utilisation of existing spectrum bands can be improved using opportunistic access to licensed bands without interfering with the existing licensed users [6]. This is the idea of cognitive radio (CR) which was presented by Joseph Mitola III and Gerald Q. Maguire, Jr in 1999.…”