A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory

Abstract

The presence research community would benefit from a reliable and valid crossmedia presence measure that allows results from different laboratories to be compared and a more comprehensive knowledge base to be developed. The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory (ITC-SOPI) is a new state questionnaire measure whose development has been informed by previous research on the determinants of presence and current self-report measures. It focuses on users' experiences of media, with no reference to objective system parameters. More than 600 people completed the ITC-SOPI following an experience with one of a range of noninteractive and interactive media. Exploratory analysis (principal axis factoring) revealed four factors: Sense of Physical Space, Engagement, Ecological Validity, and Negative Effects. Relations between the factors and the consistency of the factor structure with others reported in the literature are discussed. Preliminary analyses described here demonstrate that the ITC-SOPI is reliable and valid, but more rigorous testing of its psychometric properties and applicability to interactive virtual environments is required. Subject to satisfactory confirmatory analyses, the ITC-SOPI will offer researchers using a range of media systems a tool with which to measure four facets of a media experience that are putatively related to presence.

Experiencing the Digital News: The multiple dimensions of users’ experience in news media use

“…Previous studies have examined presence experience in video games [22] films [23] and even books [24]. Hence, the current study finds the logical appeal to adopt the concept of presence in explaining the experience of "being there" felt by audiences when they read a news story in an online environment.…”

On the influence of individual characteristics and personality traits on the user experience with multi-sensorial media: an experimental insight

“…QoE) and to the media components content, image, audio and sensory effects (i.e., QoC, QoI, QoA and QoSE, respectively). The potential impact on Presence is analyzed by looking at two of the four dimensions defined by the ITC-SOPI questionnaire [48], namely Spatial Presence and Engagement. We also analyze the influence on these quality and Presence measures of a set of variables describing the following characteristics of individuals: preferences and habits in relation to the content, knowledge of the involved technologies, tendency to get emotionally involved and tendency to get absorbed in an activity and block out external distractors and the Big Five personality traits extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience.…”

“…Along the quality dimension, we look for possible variations on the quality scores assigned to the overall media experience and to the media components content, image, audio and sensory effects. The potential impact on Presence is analyzed by looking at two of the four dimensions defined by Lessiter et al [48]; Spatial Presence and Engagement. The users' characteristics considered encompass specific personal affective, cognitive and behavioral attributes, namely individuals' preferences and habits in relation to the content, knowledge of the involved technologies, tendency to get emotionally involved and tendency to get absorbed in an activity (blocking out external distractors), as well as the Big Five personality traits extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience.…”

Affective, Natural Interaction Using EEG: Sensors, Application and Future Directions

“…The goal is to develop a large set of standardized, emotionally-evocative, internationally accessible, color images which includes contents across a wide range of semantic categories [15]. In order to measure engagement in [4] the Independent Television Commission-Sense of Presence Inventory (ITC-SOPI) [16] questionnaire was used. This questionnaire offers a valid method of measuring cross-media presence which allows results from different laboratories to be compared.…”

“…Mu waves (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) Hz) are diminished with movement or an intent to move, or when others are observed performing actions. Beta waves (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) are associated with focus, concentration, high alertness, agitation and anxiety. Gamma waves (30-100 Hz) are associated with very high states of consciousness, focus and intellectual acuity, and have a strong presence during meditation.…”