A Cross-National Study of Dementia Stigma Among the General Public in Israel and Australia

Werner, Perla; Kim, Sarang

doi:10.3233/jad-210277

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Dementia worry was found to be relatively low in both countries, as the average score was 1.78 and 1.67 for Israel and Australia, respectively, out of a 1–5 range, although it was significantly higher in Israel than in Australia, supporting our first hypothesis. Moreover, as hypothesized and similar to previous studies [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], positive and statistically significant associations were observed between dementia worry and knowledge of dementia, self-perceived dementia risk, ageism, and dementia stigma in both samples. However, contrary to our expectations, the interaction effects for dementia worry level by country were insignificant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

How Are Sociodemographic, Health, Psychological, and Cognitive Factors Associated with Dementia Worry? An Online Survey Study among Israeli and Australian Laypeople

Werner

Kim

2022

IJERPH

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Background: Dementia worry is a widespread phenomenon and the most common emotional reaction elicited by the threat of developing dementia in the future. The cultural factors of dementia worry have not been examined widely, although dementia can be perceived differently between cultures and lead to varying levels of dementia worry. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of dementia worry and factors associated with it cross-nationally in Israel and Australia. Methods: A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with two age-matched adult samples (447 participants in Israel and 290 in Australia). The primary outcome measure was the 12-item Dementia Worry Scale. Results: Israeli participants (mean age = 42.5 years; 50.1% female) reported statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of concern about developing dementia in comparison to Australian participants (mean age = 43.7 years; 49.8% female). Increased ageism and increased perceptions about the likelihood of developing dementia were the most important factors associated with increased worry. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that country may not be the best criterion to assess cultural differences and should be accompanied by the participants’ assessment of their cultural tendencies. Our study also stresses the importance of conceptualizing and assessing affective and cognitive aspects of dementia worry, as people from different cultures might perceive dementia worry cognitively differently but affectively similar and vice-versa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

How Are Sociodemographic, Health, Psychological, and Cognitive Factors Associated with Dementia Worry? An Online Survey Study among Israeli and Australian Laypeople

Werner

Kim

2022

IJERPH

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“…[36][37][38] It implied that effacing the stigma is the prerequisite of establishing a harmonious physician-patient relationship. Based on previous studies, males showed significantly higher stigma toward mentally ill patients, dementia patients, and drug addicts than females, [39][40][41] suggesting that gender differences might exist in the PPOSS. Measurement invariance across gender is the premise of comparing group differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Patient Toward Physician Occupational Stigma Scale: Development of the Chinese Version

Fan¹,

Chen²,

Wu³

et al. 2022

PRBM

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Background/Objective Physicians’ occupational stigma could eradicate physician-patient trust, threatening physicians’ social status and occupational reputation. Hitherto, there has been no scale obtaining good psychometric properties to assess patients’ stigma toward physicians. The present study aimed to develop the Patient toward Physician Occupational Stigma Scale (PPOSS) and examine its reliability and validity. Methods The questionnaire comprising sociodemographic information and the PPOSS were employed to survey 645 Chinese patients in two phases. In Sample 2, the Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale (WFOTS), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12), and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) were tested. Results The PPOSS includes 19 items subsumed into three dimensions of stereotype, discrimination, and prejudice. According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the three-factor model fitted well (χ 2 /df=2.065, RMSEA=0.057, SRMR=0.045, RFI=0.904, CFI=0.956, IFI=0.956, PNFI=0.779, PCFI=0.811). The PPOSS was significantly negatively correlated with the WFOTS, and significantly positively correlated with the IUS-12 and the BIPQ. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the total scale and each dimension were between 0.87 and 0.94, and the split-half reliability coefficients were between 0.84 and 0.93. Besides, the PPOSS had the measurement invariance across gender. Conclusion With its satisfactory psychometric properties, the PPOSS can be used as an effective instrument to assess patients’ stigma toward physicians.

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“…The effect of education in our study could have been underestimated, as two-fifths of the participants had completed education at university or graduate school level, compared to 14.7% of women in a 2017 national sample [53]. Although most nations are facing the COVID-19 pandemic, the initial level of dementia-related stigma may vary across countries [54]. Because we did not use other instruments that are already established for measuring dementia-related stigma, the level of stigma among our participants could not be compared to that in other studies.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Dementia-Related Stigma Among Mothers of Adolescents in the Pre- and Current COVID-19 Period: An Observational Study Using Population-Based Cohort Data

Nakanishi

Yamasaki

Ando

et al. 2022

JAD

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Background: Middle-aged adults may be the ideal target group for dementia-related stigma reduction interventions to encourage the utilization of services among those who may become family caregivers. Neighborhood social cohesion may diminish dementia-related stigma, particularly in terms of perceived public attitudes. The COVID-19 pandemic can further negatively impact perceived public stigma. Objective: To investigate the association between neighborhood social cohesion and dementia-related stigma during the pre- and current COVID-19 period. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional design using data from a large population-based cohort, the Tokyo Teen Cohort, in Japan. Overall, 2,469 mothers of 16-year-old adolescents self-completed a questionnaire comprising nine dementia-related stigma questions evaluating perceived public and personal attitudes. Neighborhood social cohesion was assessed using a five-item instrument. The participants were divided into two groups according to the time of assessment: prior to the pandemic’s onset (February 2019–March 2020) and during the pandemic (April 2020–July 2021). A multiple regression analysis of stigma was performed using neighborhood social cohesion as an independent variable, and caring experience, age, educational level, and working status as covariates. Results: Personal and perceived public stigma were significantly lower in participants who perceived greater neighborhood social cohesion. However, level of personal and perceived public stigma did not differ between pre- and during the pandemic period. Conclusion: Neighborhood social cohesion may be a modifiable factor for dementia-related stigma. A localized intervention to enhance social cohesion in the neighborhood community would promote the utilization of services among those who may become family caregivers.

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A Cross-National Study of Dementia Stigma Among the General Public in Israel and Australia

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

How Are Sociodemographic, Health, Psychological, and Cognitive Factors Associated with Dementia Worry? An Online Survey Study among Israeli and Australian Laypeople

How Are Sociodemographic, Health, Psychological, and Cognitive Factors Associated with Dementia Worry? An Online Survey Study among Israeli and Australian Laypeople

Patient Toward Physician Occupational Stigma Scale: Development of the Chinese Version

Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Dementia-Related Stigma Among Mothers of Adolescents in the Pre- and Current COVID-19 Period: An Observational Study Using Population-Based Cohort Data

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