A Cross Section Study to Determine the Prevalence of Antibodies against HIV Infection among Hepatitis B and C Infected Individuals

Flores, Geane Lopes; Almeida, Adílson José de; Miguel, Juliana Custódio; Cruz, Helena Medina; Portilho, Moyra Machado; Scalioni, Leticia de Paula; Marques, Vanessa Alves; Lewis-Ximenez, Lia Laura; Lampe, Elisabeth; Villar, Lívia Melo

doi:10.3390/ijerph13030314

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Recent studies found anti-HCV prevalence in HIV infected individuals of 1.3% in Northeast Brazil, 4.6% in Southeast Brazil, 12.9% in South Brazil, 6.9-9.7% in Midwest Brazil [16,17,[24][25][26]. In all of these studies, HCV genotype 1 was the most prevalent.…”

Section: Hepatitis B and C Prevalence In Patients Infected By Hivmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Emergence of New Epidemiological Hepatitis B and C Profiles in High Risk Groups in Latin America

Villar¹,

Cruz²,

Portilho³

et al. 2018

Public Health - Emerging and Re-Emerging Issues

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Latin America includes Mexico, the islands of the Caribbean and Central and South America, which possess a rich cultural and natural heritage. A narrative literature review was made to determine epidemiological hepatitis B and C profiles in high risk groups in Latin America, such as, drug users, hemophiliacs, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. Using data from international databases that disseminate published quality studies. All studies with desired information regarding site and study population were included. It was observed that HBV prevalence diminished in several groups, probably due to implementation of HBV vaccination in various Latin America Countries (LACs). On the other hand, HCV prevalence is high among high risk groups compared to general population, but different values were observed in LAC, probably due to different access to education programs, assays evaluated, population size and type of recruitment. Due to chronicity of HBV and HCV, it is important to increase access to diagnosis, HBV vaccination and implementation of education programs to high risk groups to diminish burden of these infections.

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Section: Hepatitis B and C Prevalence In Patients Infected By Hivmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In Brazil, HBsAg prevalence in HIV infected individuals ranges from 1.9 to 10.3% according geographical regions [15][16][17][18]. Tengan et al [15] reported HBsAg prevalence in HIV of 3.3% in [20,21].…”

Section: Hepatitis B and C Prevalence In Patients Infected By Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of New Epidemiological Hepatitis B and C Profiles in High Risk Groups in Latin America

Villar¹,

Cruz²,

Portilho³

et al. 2018

Public Health - Emerging and Re-Emerging Issues

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“…Since HIV and HBV present similar modes of transmission, coinfection has been reported . In this context, it is important to identify those HIV‐infected individuals who are susceptible to HBV infection through detecting anti‐HBs and to recommend HBV vaccination to those who do not present anti‐HBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14][15] Since HIV and HBV present similar modes of transmission, coinfection has been reported. 16,17 In this context, it is important to identify those HIV-infected individuals who are susceptible to HBV infection through detecting anti-HBs and to recommend HBV vaccination to those who do not present anti-HBs. In low resource areas, it is very difficult to collect, transport, and test serum samples, making DBS assays a powerful tool in increasing access to diagnostic testing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing hepatitis B immunity using dried blood spot samples from HIV+ individuals

Flores

Cruz

Miguel

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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This study aims to evaluate the utility of an optimized enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect and quantify antibodies against hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) in dried blood spots (DBSs) within the context of human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) status. Serum and DBS samples were obtained from 56 HIV+ and 99 HIV- patients and subjected to EIA for the detection of anti-HBs, where sample volume and cut off value were modified for DBS testing. Sensitivities of anti-HBs detection in DBS were 79.8% and 76.8% in HIV- and HIV+ subjects, respectively. Concordant results for anti-HBs in serum and DBS presented high mean CD8 cell counts, HIV viral load and optical density (OD) values of anti-HBs. Anti-HBs titers were significantly higher in serum, whether or not anti-HBs titers were detected in DBS. It was possible to detect anti-HBs in DBS as low as 17.4 and 27.3 IU/mL among HIV+ and HIV- subjects, respectively. In conclusion, DBS can be used to detect and quantify anti-HBs in HIV-infected individuals, which could increase access to diagnosis and vaccination.

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“…Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) share the parenteral route as a mode of transmission . In the general population, a low prevalence of HCV infection was found (less than 1%), but a high prevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection is observed worldwide, especially in areas where intravenous drug use is the main route of transmission …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of ANTI‐HCV testing in dried blood spots and saliva according to HIV status

Flores

Cruz

Marques

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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The use of saliva and dried blood spots (DBS) could increase access to HCV diagnosis for high-risk populations, such as HIV-infected individuals, but the performance of these assays has not been well established in this group. This study aims to evaluate HIV status, particularly TCD4 cell count and viral load, in the performance of anti-HCV testing using DBS and saliva. A total of 961 individuals classified as HCV+, HIV+, or HIV/HCV+, as well as negative controls, donated serum, DBS, and saliva samples for anti-HCV testing using a commercial enzyme immunoassay. Sample volume was modified for DBS and saliva, and an ROC curve was used for cut-off determination in saliva. Anti-HCV sensitivities were greater than 93% using DBS and saliva in the HCV+ group, while they were 83.3% and 95.6% for HCV/HIV+ individuals for DBS and saliva assays, respectively. Specificity varied from 91.7% to 100% using saliva and DBS in HIV monoinfected and control subjects. When only anti-HCV/HCV RNA+ serum samples, that is, true positives, were considered, the sensitivities were 98.3% and 100% for DBS and saliva, respectively, in the HCV+ group and 91.6% and 94.8% for DBS and saliva, respectively, in the HIV/HCV+ group. High absorbance values were observed among those presenting with HCV RNA in serum and low HIV viral load (less than 50 copies/mL). In conclusion, DBS and saliva samples could be used for anti-HCV detection, particularly to identify active HCV cases, but low sensitivity was observed for anti-HCV testing using DBS in the HIV/HCV+ group.

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A Cross Section Study to Determine the Prevalence of Antibodies against HIV Infection among Hepatitis B and C Infected Individuals

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Emergence of New Epidemiological Hepatitis B and C Profiles in High Risk Groups in Latin America

Emergence of New Epidemiological Hepatitis B and C Profiles in High Risk Groups in Latin America

Assessing hepatitis B immunity using dried blood spot samples from HIV+ individuals

Performance of ANTI‐HCV testing in dried blood spots and saliva according to HIV status

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