A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Prevalence and Determinants of Mental Distress Among Ethiopian Returnees

Madoro, Derebe

doi:10.2147/ndt.s317803

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Those IDP who faced any type of trauma during displacement were six times more likely had PTSD than those who did not experience trauma (AOR = 6.00 [95% CI: 2.75–13.10]). This finding is similar with a study conducted in southern Ethiopia, which found that cumulative trauma was significantly associated with PTSD [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Internally displaced people who were unemployed had PSTD twice as compared to their counterparts (AOR = 2.09 [95% CI: 1.24–3.54]). This finding is relatively similar to other studies conducted in Ethiopia, which showed that unemployed people were twice as likely to suffer from mental distress as compared to the employed people [ 23 ]. This similarity might be because most of the study participants were farmers who spent much of their time in the fields and currently have nothing to do all-day.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among internally displaced people in camps at Debre Berhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental disorder after traumatic exposure that can have long-lasting physical and mental health consequences. In 2021, Ethiopia saw the highest number of internally displaced people (IDP) due to conflict and war with the scope of the internal displacement being very high in the study area and less attention has been given to mental health. Objective To determine the prevalence and associated factors of PTSD among internally displaced people in camps at Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1–30, 2021 among 406 IDPs, who were selected by random systematic sampling from the registration and proportionally allocated to three IDP camps in Debre Berhan. Post-traumatic stress disorder was measured by the PTSD checklist (DSM-5). Data were collected through an interviewer-administered pre-tested questionnaire, entered into EpiData version 3.1, and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Bivariate binary logistic regression was used to select candidate variables with p < 0.25. Multicollinearity was checked by using the variance inflation factor and it was less than 10. Model adequacy was checked by Hosmer & Lemeshow goodness of test (p > 0.05). In the multivariable binary logistic regression, the association between outcome and independent variables was declared at p < 0.05 with its adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence level. Results The prevalence of PTSD among the respondents was 67.5% (95% CI: 63–72). Being a merchant (AOR = 0.41 [95% CI: 0.02–0.85]), witnessing the destruction of property (AOR = 1.67 [95% CI: 1.01–2.74]), facing trauma during displacement (AOR = 6.00 [95% CI: 2.75–13.10]), frequency of displacement (AOR = 0.31 [95% CI: 0.11–0.85]), being distressed (AOR = 5.42 [95% CI: 3.25–9.05]), and unemployment (AOR = 2.09 [95% CI: 1.24–3.54]) were factors significantly associated with PTSD. Conclusion This study provides evidence of the high prevalence of PTSD among internally displaced people. Therefore, mental health and psychosocial support are urgently required to address the identified factors and help the displaced people against long-term avoidable suffering.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among internally displaced people in camps at Debre Berhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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The overlooked war in Northern Ethiopia: Examining psychological capital, mental distress, and post-traumatic stress disorder among internally displaced people in Amhara region

Mamed,

Tefera,

Bitew

et al. 2024

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: Conflict-induced displacement is a greater risk factor for mental health challenges, especially in countries where people have limited access to mental health services. This study examined the prevalence of mental distress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and their relationship with key demographic variables and psychological capital among conflict-induced Internally Displaced People (IDP) in the Wag-Hemra Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional quantitative design, and simple random sampling was used to recruit 367 IDPs from the Weleh IDP camp in Sekota town. The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ 12), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K 10), and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder–Civilian Version (PCL-C) scales were used to collect data. STATA version 2021 was used to analyze data. Results: The prevalence of mental distress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was 63% and 48 %, respectively. Mental distress and PTSD were higher among female participants ( M = 27.4, 45.7), those who experienced rape ( M = 32.6, 55.5), witnessed murder ( M = 25.2, 46.1), widowed ( M = 30.9, 44.9), illiterate ( M = 28.1%, 47.2), and adolescents ( M = 27.6, 45.5). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that psychological capital is a significant negative predictor of mental distress and PTSD ( p = .000), with 26% mental distress and 20.9% variance in PTSD accounting for psychological capital, with self-efficacy being the strongest predicting component of psychological capital. Conclusion: The study underlined that mental health efforts should target enhancing psychological capital as the critical element in mitigating the psychological impacts of war and displacement. Training on improving self-efficacy, utilizing the solid spiritual and religious base of the IDP community to raise hope and optimism, and leveraging the communal culture to foster resilience could help reduce mental distress and the effects of PTSD among IDPs in the study area.

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The mediating role of psychological distress in the association between migration experiences and stigma and coping strategies: a cross-sectional study on Ethiopian migrant returnees

Desie,

Gezie,

Habtamu

et al. 2024

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Ethiopian migrants to the Middle East and South Africa are exposed to dangerous traveling and working conditions and their experiences are mostly tragic. They are unwelcomed not only by the situation in the destination but also by the community at home which is an important indicator of stigma and discrimination. However, there is lack of evidence on how psychological distress is associated with migration experiences, stigma and coping strategies. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the mediating effect of psychological distress in the association between migration experiences and stigma and discrimination and coping strategies. Methods A total of 739 Ethiopian migrant returnees from the Middle East and South Africa were included in the study. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five migration hotspot areas in Ethiopia, namely Addis Ababa, Dessie, Shashemene, Hossana, and Gondar. Data related to socio-demographic, economic, migration experiences, psychological distress, coping strategies, and stigma and discrimination were collected. Psychological distress was measured using the 21- item version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and coping strategies were measured with the Brief-COPE. Structural equation modeling was employed to estimate the relationship among variables. Results About 395 (57.33%) of the participants reported symptoms of depression, 428 (59.86%) anxiety symptoms, and 313 (45.21%) stress symptoms. The mediated association between physical violence and coping strategy through psychological distress was 0.29 (adjusted β = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.44). Denial of salary had positive direct (adjusted β = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.50, 1.50) and mediated (adjusted β = 1.20, 95%CI: 0.71, 1.68) associations with stigma and discrimination through psychological distress. Restricted freedom had positive mediated (adjusted β = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.65) and total (adjusted β = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.59, 1.29) associations with stigma and discrimination through psychological distress. Conclusion Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms are common among migrant returnees. Religious practice is the most commonly used coping mechanism. Psychological distress has positive mediating association with the relationships between denial of salary by employers and stigma and discrimination, physical violence and coping strategy, and restricted freedom and stigma and discrimination. Psychological interventions to deal with the psychological distress and stigma and discrimination of migrant returnees and to encourage the practice of positive coping strategies are warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12888-024-06229-6.

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A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Prevalence and Determinants of Mental Distress Among Ethiopian Returnees

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among internally displaced people in camps at Debre Berhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among internally displaced people in camps at Debre Berhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

The overlooked war in Northern Ethiopia: Examining psychological capital, mental distress, and post-traumatic stress disorder among internally displaced people in Amhara region

The mediating role of psychological distress in the association between migration experiences and stigma and coping strategies: a cross-sectional study on Ethiopian migrant returnees

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