A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Composition of Vegan, Vegetarian, and Nonvegetarian Mothers

Neville, Jessica; Pawlak, Roman; Chang, Melinda; Fürst, Annalee; Bode, Lars; Perrin, Maryanne T.

doi:10.1089/bfm.2021.0259

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“… 33 found that increases in HMOs over the course of 24 months of lactation were unaffected by maternal age, BMI or socioeconomic level. In Norwegian mothers, no difference in HMO composition was reported between vegan, vegetarian, and non-vegetarian mothers 53 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

et al. 2023

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most important solid component in human milk and act in tandem with other bioactive components. Individual HMO levels and distribution vary greatly between mothers by multiple variables, such as secretor status, race, geographic region, environmental conditions, season, maternal diet, and weight, gestational age and mode of delivery. HMOs improve the gastrointestinal barrier and also promote a bifidobacterium-rich gut microbiome, which protects against infection, strengthens the epithelial barrier, and creates immunomodulatory metabolites. HMOs fulfil a variety of physiologic functions including potential support to the immune system, brain development, and cognitive function. Supplementing infant formula with HMOs is safe and promotes a healthy development of the infant revealing benefits for microbiota composition and infection prevention. Because of limited data comparing the effect of non-human oligosaccharides to HMOs, it is not known if HMOs offer an additional clinical benefit over non-human oligosaccharides. Better knowledge of the factors influencing HMO composition and their functions will help to understand their short- and long-term benefits.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

et al. 2023

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“…Non-genetic factors including infant sex and lactation duration which influence HMO composition have been investigated in breastfeeding mothers from Brazil, China, Europe, and USA (9,11,15,16,17,19, 20,21,22). The majority of studies of the effect of lactation duration on HMO composition investigated limited lactation durations of 3-6 months; only one longitudinal study followed up breastfeeding mothers for 24 months (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, postpartum BMI was associated with higher and lower concentrations of FDSLNH and LNH, respectively, in Ugandan mothers. The relationship between pre-partum BMI and HMO composition is controversial (9, 15, 18, 19, 20,21,22). In this population of Ugandan mothers, the above maternal and infant factors were associated with specific HMOs which are different from those reported in other studies (9, 11,15,16,17,18–22); this observation underscores the importance of population context-specific HMO data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of non-genetic determinants of human milk oligosaccharide profiles in milk of Ugandan mothers

Owalla,

Mwangi,

Moukarzel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) protect against infection and promote growth and cognitive development in breastfeeding children. Non-genetic factors which influence HMO composition in breastfeeding mothers in rural Africa have not been investigated. Objective: We undertook a cross-sectional study to determine the association between HMO profiles and non-genetic maternal factors and childrens sex in Ugandan mother-children pairs. Method: Human milk was collected from 127 breastfeeding mothers by manual expression. HMO analysis was by high performance liquid chromatography. The proportion of each HMO per total HMO concentration was calculated. Spearmans correlation and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the relationship between individual HMOs and maternal factors and infant sex. Result: Nineteen HMOs were assayed. The prevalence of secretor and non-secretor status, based on the proportion of mothers with high milk concentrations of 2FL and LNFP 1, was 80.3 % and 19.7 %, respectively. In secretor mothers, 2FL, DFLac and LNFP I constituted > 57 % while in non-secretor mothers LNT and LNFPII constituted 46.9 % of the measured total HMOs. The median 3SL concentration in milk of all mothers of male children was significantly higher than that in all mothers of female children. The median DFLac concentration in all mothers was significantly higher in multiparous mothers compared to primiparous mothers. Higher FDSLNH and lower LNH concentrations were observed in overweight secretor and non-secretor mothers, respectively. Median concentrations of LNFP I and DSLNT were significantly higher in all mothers < 18 years old compared to all mothers > 18 years old. Concentrations of specific HMOs increased, decreased, or remained unchanged with increasing lactation duration in secretor and non-secretor mothers. Conclusions: Specific HMOs were associated with infant sex and maternal age, parity and post-partum BMI in Ugandan mothers but were different from those reported in other populations.

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“…Azad and coworkers (13) utilized the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), which measures diet quality based on adherence to the United States Dietary Guidelines for Americans (56) to investigate whether maternal intake during pregnancy was associated with HMOS, but no clear evidence of its influence on HMOS profile was uncovered. Similarly, Neville and coworkers concluded that dietary patterns did not result in different HMO profiles among the vegan (n = 26), vegetarian (n = 22), and nonvegetarian (n = 26) lactating women (57). Williams and colleagues investigated the associations between the nutrient components in the HM and the HMO composition and several significances were uncovered in a small sample (n = 16) of breastfeeding women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of human milk oligosaccharides profiles of participants in the STRONG kids 2 cohort

Fan

Vinjamuri

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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IntroductionHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) are indigestible carbohydrates that support infant development by establishing a healthy microbiota, preventing infectious diseases, and promoting immune and cognitive development. Individual HMOS have distinct functions based on their chemical structures. HMO profiles can vary largely among mothers, but the research on factors other than genetic background affecting HMO composition are limited.MethodsIn the present analysis, we examined the relationships between maternal characteristics and the HMO profiles of breastfeeding mothers (n = 392) in the STRONG kids 2 with the following demographic characteristics: average age: 30.8 y, 74.5% White, and 75.5% exclusively breastfeeding. Human milk samples were collected at 6 weeks postpartum and maternal information was obtained from self-reported surveys. Information on dietary intake changes since the participants have been breastfeeding was collected. HMO profiles were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and secretor status was determined by the presence of four secretor markers [2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), LNFP I, LDFT, and TFLNH]. Spearmen correlation test was utilized to determine the relationships between individual HMOS and associations with maternal factors. Between-group differences in HMO relative abundances were examined with Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsAmong all participants, 71.9% were secretors and 28.1% were non-secretors. The relative abundances of all HMOS differed (p < 0.05) by secretor status, with the exception for 6′-SL and 3′-SL. Positive correlations were observed among HMOS with similar structures, such as the 1,2-fucosylated HMOS. The abundances of selected HMOS were associated with maternal body weight, pregnancy complications, and dietary characteristics. Based on pre-pregnancy BMI, in all mothers, relative abundance of 3′-SL was significantly higher in overweight mothers than obese mothers (p = 0.013). In milk produced by non-secretor mothers, LNPF I + III abundances were greater in overweight than normal weight mothers (p = 0.020). Several HMO abundances were found to be associated with Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Variations of HMO abundances were also observed with dietary food intake. In all mothers, egg consumption was positively correlated with LNT + LNnT (R = 0.13; p = 0.012) and cheese intake was positively associated with 2′-FL (R = 0.10; p = 0.046) and S-LNnH II (R = 0.11; p = 0.026) abundances.DiscussionHMO profiles were found to be associated with maternal characteristics and intake. Future research will investigate associations between HMOS and maternal and infant outcomes.

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A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Composition of Vegan, Vegetarian, and Nonvegetarian Mothers

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

The effect of non-genetic determinants of human milk oligosaccharide profiles in milk of Ugandan mothers

Determinants of human milk oligosaccharides profiles of participants in the STRONG kids 2 cohort

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