A cross-sectional, multi-centric, epidemiology study to determine the prevalence of insomnia and related sleep habits in Indian hypertensive patients

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a leading risk factor affecting mortality and disability-adjusted life years worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of insomnia, co-morbid medical conditions, lifestyle attributes, related sleep habits and sleep quality among Indian hypertensive patients.Methods: Adults (≥18 years) with newly diagnosed or known history of hypertension, willing to participate were enrolled in this cross-sectional, epidemiological study. Several variables including lifestyle attributes, sleep habits, quality, medications, demographics, medical/surgical history and other details pertaining to hypertension were analyzed. Insomnia was assessed by Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) in patients not identified in the past one month.Results: All the 657 enrolled patients completed the study (mean age: 55.4±11.61 years; men: 53.7%; women: 46.3%). Prevalence of insomnia among hypertensive population was approximately 47.2% (n=310; 95% CI: 43.4, 51.0). Number of patients newly diagnosed with insomnia by AIS scale was higher compared with patients already diagnosed with insomnia (34.9% [95% CI: 31.2, 38.5] vs. 12.3% [95% CI: 9.81, 14.8]). Common medical conditions associated with hypertension were diabetes mellitus (61.1%) and dyslipidemia (28.3%). More than half of the hypertensive patients with insomnia had sleep-related problems once or twice a week. Further, the daytime impact of insufficient sleep on wellbeing and functioning was markedly decreased in insomniac patients.Conclusions: Prevalence of insomnia among patients suffering from hypertension was higher than that reported in general Indian population in various studies. Present study shows that about 75% insomniac cases were undiagnosed, indicating that insomnia diagnosis may have been missed in a large proportion of hypertensive patients.

Assessment of sleep quality and quality of life in hypertensive subjects at a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand, India

“…In the current study, the poor sleep quality was reported in 77.4% of hypertensive subjects which is quite high as compared to other studies in India (47.2%)[ 4 ] and Nigeria (42.4%)[ 18 ] in hypertensive population. The percentage of individuals with poor sleep quality was higher in our study because majority of them belong to stage 2 hypertension and a significant relationship had been found between sleep quality and stages of hypertension in our study and other studies too.…”

“…It has been shown that short sleep duration affects hypertension due to alteration in stress system function. [ 4 ] Another study suggested that sleep intervention showed insignificant improvement in 24 hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure. [ 5 ] Hypertension also affects the QOL due to its chronic nature with adverse effects on their physical, emotional and social well-being.…”

Hypertension and insomnia

“…Однако при ведении пациентов с АГ врачами общей практики, терапевтами, кардиологами практически не принимается во внимание возможное патогенное влияние на уровень АД процессов, непосредственно ассоциированных со сном. Инсомния часто выявляется у пациентов с АГ: по данным эпидемиологических исследований, частота инсомнии у этих пациентов составляет от 19 до 47,9% [13][14][15][16]. Частота инсомнии у больных АГ так же, как и в популяции в целом, больше у женщин и у лиц старших возрастных групп [16].…”

Role of optimum diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in patients with hypertension and diabetes: A review

“…Additionally, a total of 123 (18.7%) patients (of 657 patients) were newly diagnosed with hypertension, of which of 62 (50.4%) patients were insomniacs suggesting that insomnia is prevalent in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. [ 15 ] Taylor et al . reported that the prevalence of hypertension is 43.1% in patients with insomnia as compared to 18.7% in individuals without insomnia.…”