A cross-sectional nutritional and anthropometric study, with an interval of 7 years, on 611 young adolescent schoolchildren

Durnin, J. V. G. A.; Lonergan, Mary E.; Good, Jerene; Ewan, A.

doi:10.1079/bjn19740067

Cited by 85 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…19 The inverse association between adiposity and energy intake was not anticipated and had not been observed in previous cross-sectional analyses of the NGHS baseline data. 29 However, inverse associations have been observed in other cross-sectional studies in adults 30,31 and in children 32 and could be a result of reporting bias, where heavier individuals tend to underreport their food intake. 33 In contrast, it could be attributable to behavior change, where heavier individuals wishing to lose weight attempt to reduce their energy intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Racial Divergence in Adiposity During Adolescence: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT. Background. Black women are particularly vulnerable to obesity, with a prevalence rate of >50%. The higher mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes have been attributed, in part, to their obesity. In recent years, a particular public health concern is the increasing secular trend in obesity with an even greater racial disparity, especially in girls and women. Between the early 1960s and late 1980s, the prevalence of obesity tripled in young black girls 6 to 11 years of age, while it doubled in white girls. Similarly, both overweight and obesity in adolescent girls 12 to 17 years of age also increased, with a greater increase again seen in adolescent black girls. This secular trend in obesity with a greater increase in black girls signals a potentially grave future chronic disease burden on black women, which is already higher than in white women. The increasing occurrence in children and adolescents of noninsulin-dependent diabetes, traditionally viewed as an adult-onset condition, may be a consequence of the currently high prevalence of obesity in American youth. Not surprisingly, this condition is seen more frequently among black youths.Prepubescent black girls are generally leaner than agecomparable white girls, but by 20 years of age, black women are considerably heavier than are white women. Thus, it is assumed that the racial disparity in adiposity evolves during adolescence. However, the specific age at which this occurs and underlying factors are yet to be identified because of the current paucity of longitudinal cohort data.Objectives. In 1985, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) initiated a 10-year longitudinal multicenter study (the NHLBI Growth and Health Study [NGHS]) to investigate the development of obesity in black and white girls during adolescence and its environmental, psychosocial, and cardiovascular disease risk factor correlates. The purpose of this report is to examine the natural history of adiposity and weight accretion during adolescence in a biracial cohort of girls to investigate the evolution of the racial divergence in adiposity and to examine the relationships between increases in adiposity and pubertal maturation, energy intake, and physical activity.Participants and Setting. A total of 2379 black (51%) and white (49%) girls, 9 to 10 years of age, were recruited from public and parochial schools in Richmond, California, and Cincinnati, Ohio, and from families enrolled in a large health maintenance organization in the Washington, DC area. Participant eligibility was limited to girls and their parents who declared themselves as being either black or white and who lived in racially concordant households.Design and Statistical Analysis. The NGHS is a multicenter prospective study of black and white girls with annual visits from 9 to 10 years of age through 18 to 19 years of age. The follow-up rate was 89% at the 10th annual visit. Skinfold measurements were obtained at the triceps, suprailiac, and subscapular sites with Holt...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Racial Divergence in Adiposity During Adolescence: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study

et al. 2001

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“…The trend of increased body fatness and decreased energy intake recorded in several studies 2,3,38 suggest a trend of decrease in physical activity. In a previous study, conducted in 10 y old children examined in 1978, we observed that these children consumed more energy than the 10 y old children of the present study (2326 in 1978 and 2102 kcal in 1995) and had a weaker BMI (16.5 and 17 kg/m 2 respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and body composition in 10 year old French children: linkages with nutritional intake?

1997

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationships between physical activity, dietary intake and body composition in children. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study on physical activity, nutritional intakes and body composition conducted in 86 healthy 10 y old French children. In addition, growth parameters and nutritional intakes were available from the age of 10 months. MEASUREMENTS: Physical activity level (using a validated activity questionnaire over the past year), nutritional intake (dietary history method), anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, Body Mass Index (BMI), arm muscle and arm fat areas calculated from these measurements) at the age of 10 y. Anthropometric measurements and nutritional intakes were recorded in the same children at the age of 10 months and every 2 y from the age of 2 y. RESULTS: At the age of 10 y, active children ingested signi®cantly more energy than less active children, mostly due to higher energy intake at breakfast and in the afternoon. This higher energy intake was accounted for by increased consumption of carbohydrates (281 g vs 246 g; 49.6% vs 47.4% of total energy). Even if the amounts of fat consumed were similar in both groups (90 g vs 84 g; P 0.09), the percentage of fat intake was lower in active children (35.4% vs 37.4%; P 0.04). The percentage of protein was not different (14.9% vs 15.3%; P 0.33). In spite of a higher energy intake in the active group, active and less active children had similar BMI at the age of 10 y. However, their body composition differed signi®cantly: active children had a higher proportion of fat-free mass, a lower proportion of fatmass as measured in the arm and they had a later adiposity rebound. Fatness was signi®cantly and positively associated with the time spent watching television and video games. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity was associated with improved body composition and growth pattern. This association may be related to nutritional changes: active children consumed more energy by increasing carbohydrate, thus reducing the relative fat content of their diet. These results provide support to encourage physical activity during childhood.

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“…However, this was not as great as noted by previous studies (4)(5)(6) , and many significant differences between the lunch types existed at the end of the day.…”

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confidence: 50%

Comparison of the nutrient content of different types of lunchtime meal, and their contribution towards the overall daily nutrient intakes of 11 14-year-old schoolchildren from two schools in Scotland

Norris

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Due to concern regarding the nutritional quality of schoolchildren's diets, large amounts of funding have been invested into improving school canteen lunches. However, children may also consume packed lunches, or 'street' lunches (those purchased outside school). This study was undertaken to ascertain whether canteen lunches are nutritionally superior to packed and street lunches, the contribution of the lunch types towards total nutritional intake, and whether children eating nutritionally poor lunches compensate in terms of nutritional intake and density with food consumed at other times.During 2007 and 2008, dietary intake data were collected from 332 children aged 11-13, from two schools in Fife, Scotland. Using 5-d estimated intake food diaries, data from 1532 d was collected. Energy intake was calculated, as well as intake and density (per 100 kcal = 418.4 kJ) of fat, SFA, non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES), non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), vitamin A, folate, Ca, Fe plus fruit/vegetables. These nutrients/foods were selected due to their inclusion in the Scottish Nutrient Standards for School Meals (SNSSL) (1) . Lunchtime data were compared with the SNSSL, and the total daily intake with the estimated average requirement for energy (2) , dietary reference values (DRV) and reference nutrient intakes (RNI) for nutrients and micronutrients (2) and the government recommendation for fruit and vegetables (3) . Comparisons were undertaken between canteen, packed and street lunches and between days including them.The children's diet was closest to guidelines when canteen lunches were consumed, having the lowest mean fat, SFA and NMES intakes, and the highest mean folate, Ca and Fe. However, many dietary targets remained unmet. On street lunch days, the diet was furthest from guidelines, with the lowest intake for NSP, micronutrients, and fruit and vegetables. This occurred both at lunchtime and over the whole day. Packed lunches contained the most vitamin A, NSP and fruit/vegetable portions (mean values). They also contained more SFA than canteen or street lunches.There was some compensation for poor lunchtime nutrient intake by foods eaten at other times during the day. However, this was not as great as noted by previous studies (4)(5)(6) , and many significant differences between the lunch types existed at the end of the day.Children should therefore be encouraged to have canteen lunches due to their superior nutritional quality, and their contribution towards overall nutrient intake.

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A cross-sectional nutritional and anthropometric study, with an interval of 7 years, on 611 young adolescent schoolchildren

Cited by 85 publications

References 9 publications

Racial Divergence in Adiposity During Adolescence: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study

Racial Divergence in Adiposity During Adolescence: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study

Physical activity and body composition in 10 year old French children: linkages with nutritional intake?

Comparison of the nutrient content of different types of lunchtime meal, and their contribution towards the overall daily nutrient intakes of 11 14-year-old schoolchildren from two schools in Scotland

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