A Cross‐Sectional Study Examining the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anti‐Microbial‐Resistant Generic <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Domestic Dogs that Frequent Dog Parks in Three Cities in South‐Western Ontario, Canada

Procter, Theresa D.; Pearl, David L.; Finley, Rita; Leonard, Erin K.; Janecko, Nicol; Reid‐Smith, Richard J.; Weese, J. Scott; Peregrine, Andrew S.; Sargeant, Jan M.

doi:10.1111/zph.12064

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The prevalence of resistant E . coli isolates in raccoon fecal (8%; 95% CI, 6–10) and soil samples (8%; 95% CI, 6–10) from conservation areas was slightly lower to what was found in pet dogs visiting dog parks in southwestern Ontario in 2009 (11%; 95% CI, 9–14; [50]). However, resistance to CIP or NAL was not detected in E .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and the Environment on Swine Farms and Conservation Areas in Southern Ontario

et al. 2016

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Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to livestock, human and environmental health. Although resistant bacteria have been detected in wildlife, their role in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance is not clear. Our objective was to investigate demographic, temporal and climatic factors associated with carriage of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in raccoons and the environment. We collected samples from raccoon paws and feces and from soil, manure pit and dumpsters on five swine farms and five conservation areas in Ontario, Canada once every five weeks from May to November, 2011–2013 and tested them for E. coli and susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials. Of samples testing positive for E. coli, resistance to ≥ 1 antimicrobials was detected in 7.4% (77/1044; 95% CI, 5.9–9.1) of raccoon fecal samples, 6.3% (23/365; 95% CI, 4.0–9.3) of paw samples, 9.6% (121/1260; 8.0–11.4) of soil samples, 57.4% (31/54; 95% CI, 43.2–70.8) of manure pit samples, and 13.8% (4/29; 95% CI, 3.9–31.7) of dumpster samples. Using univariable logistic regression, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of resistant E. coli in raccoon feces on conservation areas versus farms; however, E. coli isolates resistant to ≥ 1 antimicrobials were significantly less likely to be detected from raccoon paw samples on swine farms than conservation areas and significantly more likely to be detected in soil samples from swine farms than conservation areas. Resistant phenotypes and genotypes that were absent from the swine farm environment were detected in raccoons from conservation areas, suggesting that conservation areas and swine farms may have different exposures to resistant bacteria. However, the similar resistance patterns and genes in E. coli from raccoon fecal and environmental samples from the same location types suggest that resistant bacteria may be exchanged between raccoons and their environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and the Environment on Swine Farms and Conservation Areas in Southern Ontario

et al. 2016

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“…Within the social sciences, investigations into the relationships between spatial and temporal patterns of dog-walking, dog-to-dog contact, and dog demographics have indirectly explored behaviours that could influence the risk of GI disease transmission in dogs [3,[11][12][13]. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the extent to which parks might pose risks for infection and transmission of GI parasites in dogs [2,7,9,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], a relevant query given that in urban settings, parks figure prominently as dog-walking destinations [22]. Giardia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cysts have been isolated from undisposed dog faeces within parks [19,20]. Other parkrelated behaviours that may pose risks for infection and transmission of GI parasites, including Giardia spp., have been investigated, but with mixed results [2,7,9,[13][14][15][16][17][18]. In particular, Wang et al [18] reported that dogs taken to parks in an urban region of the United States had a higher risk of infection with Giardia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban park-related risks forGiardiaspp. infection in dogs

et al. 2015

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SUMMARYGiardia spp. is a common gastrointestinal (GI) parasite of multiple host species, including dogs and humans, with the potential for zoonotic transmission. The risk of GI parasitism in dogs (including Giardia spp.) may increase with park use in urban areas. This study aimed to (1) determine whether park attendance is a risk factor for Giardia spp. infection in dogs and (2) characterize the behavioural and demographic risk factors for Giardia spp. infection in park-attending and non-park-attending dogs. From August to September 2012, a total of 1293 dog owners completed a survey and 860 corresponding dog faecal samples were collected. Dog faeces were screened for Giardia spp. using a direct immunofluorescence assay and associations assessed among behaviours, demographics, and Giardia spp. infection. Main results included off-leash and swimming frequencies within parks as significantly positively associated with Giardia spp. infection in dogs. Dog-owner age was negatively associated with off-leash and swimming frequencies in parks. The results suggest some recreational behaviours in parks and certain demographics are risk factors for parasitism in pet dogs.

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“…Moreover, a steady increase in usage of antimicrobial agents for companion animals, in particular for dogs, has been observed in Europe over the last years (Ewers and others 2011). Previous studies carried in horses and dogs have determined several risk factors associated with the carriage of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in the faeces, like recent hospitalisation and antimicrobial treatment in the previous 10 days (Maddox and others 2012, Procter and others 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for faecal colonisation with Escherichia coli producing extended‐spectrum and plasmid‐mediated AmpC β‐lactamases in dogs

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) Escherichia coli producers in dogs. A three-month cross-sectional study was conducted and 151 rectal swabs were obtained from healthy dogs. ESBL and pAmpC genes were detected by PCR and were sequenced. Logistic regression models were used to investigate risk factors for the carriage of ESBL and pAmpC-producing E. coli. About 15 per cent of the isolates carried ESBL genes (blaCTX-M-32 n=8, blaCTX-M-15 n=5, blaCTX-M-1 n=3, blaCTX-M-9-like n=4) and 20 per cent carried pAmpC genes (blaCMY-2 n=23, blaCMY-2-like n=2). Thirteen dogs carried an E. coli isolate with both an ESBL and a pAmpC gene. One E. coli isolate harboured the human blaDHA-1 pAmpC gene, which has not been previously reported in companion animals in Europe. Dogs with a history of antimicrobial therapy in the past year had a higher risk of being carriers of ESBL-producing (P=0.003, OR =7.85) and pAmpC-producing (P=0.005, OR=6.28) E. coli. Dogs from shelter/breeders were approximately three times more likely to have an ESBL- or a pAmpC-producing E. coli than dogs from private owners. Males have a reduced risk of carrying a pAmpC-producing E. coli than females (P=0.017, OR =0.28). The knowledge of potential risk factors may help to limit the impact of resistance through implementation of effective control measures and judicious antimicrobial therapy.

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A Cross‐Sectional Study Examining the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anti‐Microbial‐Resistant Generic Escherichia coli in Domestic Dogs that Frequent Dog Parks in Three Cities in South‐Western Ontario, Canada

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and the Environment on Swine Farms and Conservation Areas in Southern Ontario

Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and the Environment on Swine Farms and Conservation Areas in Southern Ontario

Urban park-related risks forGiardiaspp. infection in dogs

Risk factors for faecal colonisation with Escherichia coli producing extended‐spectrum and plasmid‐mediated AmpC β‐lactamases in dogs

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