A cross sectional study of growth of children with sickle cell disease, aged 2 to 5 years in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Um, Suzanne Sap Ngo; Seungue, Judith; Alima, Anastasie Yanda; Mbono, Ritha; Mbassi, Hubert; Chelo, David; Koki, Paul Olivier

doi:10.11604/pamj.2019.34.85.16432

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We can presume that children coming to the hospital are followed up and have the minimum counseling to prevent sickle cell complications and growth failure. Our prevalence of wasting in underfives was similar to that of many other authors (4.4-6.8%) [ 27 , 28 , 36 ]. Comparing the prevalence between the 2 age groups, we noticed that wasting and underweight were more important in children older than 5 years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In our study, the curves of distribution of the indices weight for age, BMI for age, and height for age of less than 5 years of our population did not appear to show any major difference when we compared them to the curve of distribution of a normal population according to WHO. This was already reported by Ngo Um in a previous study in Cameroon [ 36 ]. The high prevalence of overweight/obese in high-income countries emphasizes the question of using foreign standards growth curves in normal children to identify impaired growth in children with sickle cell disease from Africa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Describing the growth and nutritional status of sickle cell disease children and adolescents with reference to WHO growth standards in Cameroon

et al. 2022

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Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic disease with many complications among which is growth retardation. Here, we described the growth and nutritional status patterns of children with SCD and adolescents living in Douala, Cameroon. Methods This cross-sectional study took place at the sickle cell treatment center of Douala Laquintinie Hospital from November 2015 to April 2016. The sociodemographic and anthropometric information of each SCD patient was determined, and then used for computing z-score indexes (weight for age, weight for height, body mass index for height, and height for age). The different indexes were used to determine the prevalence of malnutrition forms (stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight/obesity) and compared to WHO standards by gender and age. Results A total of 208 children and adolescents participated in the study. The mean age was 8 years (±5) and the median age was 7 years. Males accounted for 53.4% of cases, giving a sex ratio of 1:1.1. The proportions of wasting, stunting, underweight, and overweight/obesity in the overall population were 7.1% (n = 15), 9.1% (n = 19), 3.6% (n = 5) and 3.3% (n = 7) respectively. In children under 5, wasting, stunting, underweight, and overweight/obesity were noted in 1.4% (n = 1), 9.5% (n = 7), 1.4% (n = 1), and 5.4% (n = 4) respectively. In patients aged 5 years and above, a proportion of 10.5% (n = 14) was wasted, 9.0% (n = 12) were stunted, 5.9% (n = 4) were underweight and 2.2% (n = 7) were overweight/obese. The growth curve of children under five in our study was superimposable to the WHO standard growth curve. In children older than 5 years, the left shift for stunting was more pronounced for boys compared to girls. Conclusion Nine percent of children and adolescents with SCD are stunted. The growth deficit appeared to be higher in patients aged 5 years and above, more particularly in boys than girls. Overweight/obesity was uncommon in our series. More robust research designs and statistical analyses are needed to confirm or refute these findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Describing the growth and nutritional status of sickle cell disease children and adolescents with reference to WHO growth standards in Cameroon

et al. 2022

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“…The majority (25/37; 68%) of studies were conducted in Nigeria. Other studies involved populations in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) [22][23][24], Ghana [25,26], Tanzania [27], Egypt [28], Cameroon [29], and Algeria [30]. In addition, two multi-country studies involved patients in Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Mali, and Senegal [31,32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional perspectives on sickle cell disease in Africa: A systematic review

Nartey

Spector

Adu‐Afarwuah

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited blood disorder, predominantly affects individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. Research linking its pathophysiology and nutritional status in African patients has not been previously described. This systematic review aimed to assess the landscape of studies in sub-Saharan Africa focused on nutritional aspects of SCD and highlight gaps in knowledge that could inform priority-setting for future research.Methods: The study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. All original studies involving individuals with any phenotypic variant of SCD and at least one nutritional status outcome; and were conducted between January 1995 and November 2020 in Africa were included. ‘Nutritional status’ was defined by studies on dietary intake, measurements of growth/anthropometry, or nutritional biomarkers. Studies were included if they involved Databases used were Ovid Embase, Medline, Biosis and Web of Science. Results: The search returned 526 articles with 76 studies included in the final analyses. Most investigations (67%) were conducted in Nigeria. Studies were categorized into one of three main categories: descriptive studies of anthropometric characteristics (49%), descriptive studies of macro- or micronutrient intakes (41%), and interventional studies (11%). Findings consistently found growth impairment, especially among children and adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa. Studies assessing macro- and micronutrients generally had small sample sizes and were exploratory in nature. Only four randomized trials were identified, which measured the impact of lime juice, long-chain fatty acids supplementation, ready-to-use supplementary food, and oral arginine on health outcomes. Conclusions: The findings reveal a moderate number of descriptive studies, most with small sample sizes, that focused on various aspects of nutrition and SCD in African patients. There was a stark lack of interventional studies that could be used to inform evidence-based changes in clinical practice. Findings of investigations were generally consistent with data from other regional settings, describing a significant risk of growth faltering and malnutrition among individuals with SCD. There is an unmet need for clinical research to better understand the potential benefits of nutritional-related interventions for patients with SCD in sub-Saharan Africa in order to promote optimal growth and improve health outcomes.

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“…Anemias were mainly regenerative; several other studies also report cases of reticulocytosis and regenerative anemia in sickle cell patients (Sombodi et al, 2015;Yahouédéhou et al, 2019); Moreover, the median white blood cell was differing significantly from the HP 2-2 group (20.4 g/L) compared with the HP 1-1 (15.8 g/L [13.5-21.3]) and HP 2-1 (14.8 g/L [12.3-17.9]) groups (p = 0.024) (Table 4). Several studies also report hyperleukocytosis in sickle cell patients (Makulo et al, 2019;Um et al, 2019). Moreover, although it is an inflammatory disease, the more pronounced hyperleukocytosis in the HP 2-2 genotype group suggests that in the latter, the increase in the number and activation of leukocytes and important mediators of inflammation are more important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haptoglobin gene polymorphism and iron profile in sickle cell disease patients with inflammation in Yaounde, Cameroon

Tuono,

Simo,

Nya

et al. 2023

Molec Gen & Gen Med

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BackgroundMajor sickle cell syndromes are the most common hemoglobinopathy in the world. The sickle cell patients are subjected to several factors causing inflammation, and the genetic identification of each individual allows to focus the possibility of allelic variations influence of a specific gene and then the polymorphism. This study aims at determining the distribution of HP gene (OMIM#140100) and their involvement on hematological parameters and the iron profile in the sickle cell patients presenting an inflammation condition during major sickle cell syndromes in Cameroun.MethodsA case–control analytical study has been conducted over a period of 6 months. Cases consisting of sickle cell patients in a situation of inflammation and control of non‐inflamed sickle cell patients. The patients presenting major sickle cell syndromes, interned and/or followed at the Hematology Department of the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam and the Central Hospital of Yaoundé have been recruited. HP genotyping was carried out at the Laboratory for Public Health Research Biotechnologies (LAPHER‐Biotech) in Yaoundé using allele‐specific PCR. Also, inflammatory, hematological parameters and martial assessment were explored by standard methods. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the statistical tool R version 4.1.1. The comparison of proportions of alleles was made with the chi‐square test, and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the median between different groups using the statistical tool R version 4.1.1.ResultsWe analyzed the samples of 149 patients. The HP polymorphism describes a significant frequency of the “1F” allele (69.8%) followed by the “2” allele (46.31%). In addition, 80 patients (53.69%), 48 (32.21%), and 21 (14.09%) presented the genotype HP 1‐1, HP 2‐1, and HP 2‐2, respectively. And eighty‐one percent (81%) patients with genotype HP 2‐2 showed a significant higher relative frequency of thrombocytosis compared with the genotype HP 1‐1 and HP 2‐1, respectively (51.2% and 68.8%, p = 0.087). The proportion of inflammation in the HP 2‐2 group was higher (57.1%) compared with the other groups (respectively 42.5% and 35.4% in the HP 1‐1 and HP 2‐1 groups). Furthermore, the median CRP was significantly higher in the HP 2‐2 group compared with the other groups (p = 0.039). Moreover, the entire population of the HP 2‐2 group showed an elevation of ferritin and IL6 unlike the HP 1‐1 and HP 2‐1 groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a higher frequency of genotype HP 1‐1 followed by the HP 2‐2 genotype in patients with major sickle cell syndromes. However, a larger proportion of patients with genotype HP 2‐2 are associated with hematological profile disorders, inflammation, and dysregulation of iron metabolism. Then, the haptoglobin polymorphism contributes to the severity of major sickle cell syndromes.

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A cross sectional study of growth of children with sickle cell disease, aged 2 to 5 years in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Describing the growth and nutritional status of sickle cell disease children and adolescents with reference to WHO growth standards in Cameroon

Describing the growth and nutritional status of sickle cell disease children and adolescents with reference to WHO growth standards in Cameroon

Nutritional perspectives on sickle cell disease in Africa: A systematic review

Haptoglobin gene polymorphism and iron profile in sickle cell disease patients with inflammation in Yaounde, Cameroon

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