A cross-sectional study of dietary patterns with glucose intolerance and other features of the metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Previous epidemiological studies have demonstrated relationships between individual nutrients and glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes, but the association with the overall pattern of dietary intake has not previously been described. In order to characterize this association, 802 subjects aged 40-65 years were randomly selected from a population-based sampling frame and underwent a 75 g oral glucose-tolerance test. Principal component analysis was used to identify four dietary patterns explaining 31⋅7 % of the dietary variation in the study cohort. These dietary patterns were associated with other lifestyle factors including socio-economic group, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity. Component 1 was characterized by a healthy balanced diet with a frequent intake of raw and salad vegetables, fruits in both summer and winter, fish, pasta and rice and low intake of fried foods, sausages, fried fish, and potatoes. This component was negatively correlated with central obesity, fasting plasma glucose, 120 min non-esterified fatty acid and triacylglycerol, and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol. It therefore appears to be protective for the metabolic syndrome. Component 1 was negatively associated with the risk of having undiagnosed diabetes, and this association was independent of age, sex, smoking and obesity. The findings support the hypothesis that dietary patterns are associated with other lifestyle factors and with glucose intolerance and other features of the metabolic syndrome. The results provide further evidence for the recommendation of a healthy balanced diet as one of the main components of chronic disease prevention. Type 2 diabetes: Dietary patterns: Principal component analysis

Major dietary patterns, ethnicity, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in rural Hawaii

“…Factor 3 positively correlated with income and education and negatively correlated with BMI, fasting, and 2-hr glucose. Two out of three dietary patterns identified by the current study were similar to previously reported patterns labeled as "Prudent" (factor 1) and "Western" (factor 3) patterns in Native Canadian (21), British (22), US (23) and Finnish studies (24). However, unlike the association of these dietary patterns with T2DM in other studies, our results did not show any association between factor 1 or factor 3 and T2DM prevalence.…”

Relationship between number of metabolic syndrome components and dietary factors in middle-aged and elderly Japanese subjects

“…In previous epidemiologic studies, dietary fiber, fruits, vegetables and moderate alcohol intake were negatively associated [22][23][24] and fat and red meat were positively associated [25][26][27] with MetS in Caucasian or Japanese-Brazilian subjects. Consistent with previous studies, 22,24,28 intake of dietary fiber in men was negatively related to clustering MetS components.…”

Food consumption and the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus

“…A prudent dietary pattern has also been cross-sectionally associated with lower insulin concentrations among 466 men (Fung et al, 2001). In a British cross-sectional study, a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of fruit and vegetables and low consumption of processed meat and fried foods was inversely associated with the prevalence of type II diabetes (Williams et al, 2000).…”